RECOMMENDATIONS. 


Mr.  Town— Dear  Sir, 

From  a  pretty  minute  examination  of  your  "Analysis,"  I  feel  prepared  to  speak 
of  it  in  terms  of  very  high  commendation.  The  plan  of  it,  I  consider  as  pecu- 
liarly original  and  happy,  and  the  execution  such  as  to  promise  practically  the 
most  auspicious  results  in  our  schools  and  academies.  The  amount  of  in- 
formation it  gives  in  the  subject  of  prefixes  and  suffixes,  and  the  mode  both  of 
resolving  words  into  their  original  elements,  and  of  recompounding  them  into  the 
various  derivative  forms  which  continually  occur  in  the  language,  is  far  greater 
than  in  any  work  of  my  acquaintance.  It  goes  very  far  towards  putting  the  mere 
English  scholar  in  possession  of  some  of  the  chief  advantages  to  be  derived  from 
a  knowledge  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  tongues,  without  subjecting  him  to  the 
necessity  of  the  laborious  task  of  acquiring  them.  With  respect  to  thousands  of 
the  youth  of  our  country,  not  destined  to  the  learned  professions,  this  cannot  but 
be  regarded  as  supplying  a  very  important  desideratum. 

Viewed  in  another  light,  your  work  will  be  likely  to  be  attended  with  equally 
happy  effects.  It  tends  to  form  habits  of  accurate  analysis,  and  consequently  of 
discriminating  thought.  In  early  life  this  habit  cannot  be  exercised  upon  any 
tiling  to  more  advantage,  than  language  ;  and  when  once  formed,  in  regard  to  the 
English  language,  it  will  naturally  be  carried  into  the  study  of  any  other  lan- 
guage, and  finally  into  every  department  of  knowledge.  I  cannot,  therefore,  but 
anticipate  a  most  favorable  reception  of  your  little  volume,  wherever  a  sound  in- 
tellectual training  enters  into  the  elementary  idea  of  education. 

That  some  of  the  minor  details  of  the  plan  may  hereafter  admit  of  improve- 
ment, is  altogether  probable,  as  the  ground  you  occupy  has  been  hitherto  almost 
entirely  untrodden;  and  a  competent  judge  (N.  Webster)  has  pronounced  the 
study  of  etymology  to  be  yet  in  its  infancy.  But  for  its  avowed  objects,  and  for 
the  present  wants  of  the  age,  your  work,  I  am  persuaded,  will  answer  all  the  pur- 
poses of  an  invaluable  manual. 

GEO.  BUSH, 
Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Oriental  Literature, 
New  York,  Sept.  14,  1836.  New  York  City  University. 

In  the  views  of  my  colleague,  Professor  Bush,  I  fully  concur  upon  the  ex- 
amination I  have  been  able  to  give  the  work. 

ROBERT  B.  PATTON, 
Professor  of  Greek  Language  and  Literature, 
New  York,  Sept.  17,  1836.  New  York  City  University. 

From  Rev.  N.  S.  S.  Beman,  D.D. 

I  have  examined  somewhat  minutely  an  "  Analysis  nf  Derivative  Words,  by 
Salem  Town,  A.M.,"  and  the  opinion  which  I  now  give,  I  hop»,  will  not  be  con- 
sidered by  the  public  as  a  matter  of  mere  usage  or  etiquette  in  the  literary 
world.  It  is  a  work  of  intrinsic  merit  and  great  originality,  and  evinces  much 
research  on  the  part  of  its  author.  Its  introduction  and  extensive  use  in  our 
schools  and  academies  would  form  an  era  in  English  philology.  For  the  benefit 
of  the  rising  generation  and  the  honor  of  my  country,  as  well  as  from  personal 
friendship  to  its  author,  I  hope  the  work  may  meet  with  merited  success. 

I  am,  respectfully,  <fec. 
Trot,  August  23, 1836.  NATHAN  S.  S.  BEMAN. 

I  fully  concur  in  the  opinion  expressed  by  Doctor  Beman. 

.1.  II    MARTYN, 
Pastor  of  Chatham  Chapel  Ch. 


11 

I  have  examined  to  some  extent  a  work,  entitled  "  An  Analysis  of  the  De- 
rivative Words  in  the  English  Language,  by  Salem  Town,"  and  am  free  to  say, 
Ihat,  in  my  opinion,  he  has  done  more  to  simplify  and  reduce  to  system  the 
English  language  than  the  most  successful  of  his  cotemporaries.  Mr.  Town  has 
long  been  favorably  known  to  the  public  as  an  able  and  successful  instructor  in 
classical  and  English  literature,  distinguished  alike  for  the  extent  of  his  re- 
searches,  and  the  accuracy  of  his  deductions;  and  I  am  persuaded,  that  in  the 
work  now  offered  to  the  public,  both  the  foreign  and  English  student  will  find 
facilities  for  the  acquisition  of  an  accurate,  thorough,  and  systematic  acquaint- 
ance with  language,  which  cannot  be  found  in  any  other  work  of  the  kind. 

E.  PHELPS, 
Philadelphia,  June  21,  1836.  One  of  the  Secretaries  of  the  A.  E.  S. 

To  the  above  the  following  gentlemen  added  their  entire  concurrence : — 

Rev.  SAML.  B.  WYLIE,  D.D.,    Vice-Provost  of  the  University  of 

Philadelphia. 
Rev.  GEO.  DUFFIELD,  Philadelphia. 
Rev.  SAMUEL  W.  CRAWFORD,  Principal  of  the  Academl.  Dept. 

of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
THOS.  M'ADAM,  Assistant. 

Rev.  J.  ATWATER,  farmer  President  of  Dickinson  College,  Pa. 
Rev.  THOS.  H.  SKINNER,  D.D.,  New  York. 

Mr.  Town— Dear  Sir, 

On  examination  of  your  "Analysis,"  I  am  delighted  with  the  philosophical 
simplicity  of  your  plan,  and  impressed  with  the  conviction  of  the  great  utility  of 
the  work,  and  deem  it  of  peculiar  excellence,  as  a  school  book,  in  two  particu- 
lars. It  provides  the  best  apparatus  extant,  for  early  mental  discipline,  and  for 
affording,  in  an  interesting  and  intelligible  manner,  an  early,  copious,  and 
practical  knowledge  of  our  language.  Every  philologist  is  struck  with  the  num- 
ber and  richness  of  the  sources,  whence  our  language  has  its  existence  and  its 
consequent  copiousness.  Had  you,  therefore,  given  us  only  the  definitive  mean- 
ing of  our  sevpral  affixes  and  suffixes,  which  are  too  often  deemed  as  mere  ac- 
cidental appendages,  you  would  have  deserved  much  of  the  friends  of  edu- 
cation. But  in  addition  to  this,  you  have  given  the  student  the  ability  to  perceive 
at  once  the  strict  and  literal  meaning  of  words,  and  all  their  varied  shades  of 
signification.  If  words  are  the  vestments  of  thought,  you  have  provided  the 
tyro,  with  a  richer  and  more  appropriate  variety  than  can  any  where  else  be 
found.  While  your  work  is  exactly  adapted  to  our  elementary  and  higher 
schools,  you  would  confer  immense  benefit  on  our  literature,  by  preparing  a 
larger  work,  &c  I  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable,  introduce  your  work  into  my 
school,  and  commend  its  use  wherever  I  can. 
Very  respectfullv,  <&c. 

Rev.  CHARLES  HENRY  ALDEN,  A.M., 
Philadelphia,  June  25, 1836.       Principal  of  Phila:  H.  School  for  Young  Ladies. 

With  the  above  sentiments,  the  following  gentlemen  have  expressed  their 
concurrence : — 

ABSALOM  PETERS,  D.D.,  Cor.  Sec,  AH.,  M.S.,  New  York. 
WILLIAM  BELD1N,  Teacher  of  Pub.  School,  No.  2,  ditto. 
ALEX.  PROUDFIT,  D.D.,  Cor.  Sec,  A.C.S.,      "      ditto. 

Extract  of  a  Letter  from  D.  M.  Reese,  M.D. 
Dear  Sir, 

From  the  brief  examination  of  your  "Analysis,"  I  should  judge  it  to  be  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  philosophy  of  language  ;  and, 
moreover,  it  supplies  a  desideratum,  the  absence  of  which  has  been  long  felt, 
both  by  teachers  and  scholars. 

It  strikes  me,  the  principle  on  which  your  book  is  constructed,  is  precisely 
that,  fur  the  want  of  which,  so  many  dunces  come  forth  from  our  schools.  For 
even  after  children  have  been  taught  to  spell  and  pronounce  correctly,  they  too 
often  exhibit  deplorable  ignorance,  in  relation  to  the  meaning  of  words,  which 
arises  from  no  lack  of  industry  in  the  teachers,  but  from  a  radical  defect  in  the 
system,  which  your  book  is  calculated  to  remove,  and  for  which,  I  regard  it 
admirably  adapted. 

Yours,  &c 
New  York,  Sept.  12,  1836.  D.  M.  REESE. 


Ill 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Seneca  Wood,  Esq.,  Aurora,  to  Mr.  David  B.  Crane, 
teacher  in  Detroit,  where,  after  giving  his  views  of  the  work,  and  what  he  had 
himself  witnessed,  closes  by  saying  : — 

I  believe  a  child  of  twelve  years  of  age  may  in  a  short  period  of  time  obtain 
a  far  better  and  more  accurate  knowledge  of  our  language  than  is  obtained  by 
many  of  the  graduates  of  our  colleges  during  their  course. 

Yours,  &c. 
Aurora,  May  3,  1836.  SENECA  WOOD. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  C.  M.  Fay,  teacher  of  Select  School,  Buffalo.    After 
giving  his  views  generally,  says  in  conclusion  : — 

The  principle  upon  which  it  is  based,  of  forming  words  from  their  primitives 
by  affixes  and  prefixes,  and  making  out  their  derivations  from  their  primitives, 
modified  and  changed  according  to  the  meaning  of  the  affixes  and  prefixes,  opens 
so  easy  and  interesting  a  method  of  becoming  acquainted  with  the  formation  and 
meaning  of  words,  that  I  have  no  doubt  it  will  be  universally  adopted  as  soon  as 
it  is  understood. 

C.  M.  FAY, 
March  26,  1836.  Teacher  of  Select  School. 

Mr.  Town— Sm, 

From  a  cursory  view  of  the  above-mentioned  work  of  yours,  I  am  decidedly 
in  favor  of  your  plan,  and  shall  introduce  the  work  into  tny  school  as  soon  as  it 
comes  into  market. 

S.  KINGSLEY, 
Buffalo,  March  26,  1836.  Principal  of  Buffalo  Academy. 

With  the  above,  Mr.  C.  Fitch,  Principal  of  the  Buffalo  Female  Institute,  Mr. 
J.  Whitney,  former  Teacher,  J.  Crocker,  Esq.,  and  H.  Shumway,  Esq.,  fully 
concur. 

I  have  examined  the  work,  entitled  an  "Analysis,"  by  Salem  Town,  A.M.,  and 
am  fully  satisfied  it  will  be  found  of  very  great  utility  in  acquiring  a  ready  and 
correct  knowledge  of  the  English  language.  I  shall  introduce  it  without  delay 
into  the  course  of  studies  of  the  youth  under  my  care. 

N.  DODGE, 
Philaoelp.,  June  24, 1836.        Principal  of  Harmony  Hall  Sem.  for  Young  Ladies. 

I  have  critically  examined  Mr. Town's  "Analysis,"  and  concur  in  the  fore- 
going recommendations.  One  important  advantage,  however,  of  this  excellent 
work  seems  to  have  been  overlooked,  and  that  is  the  great  advantage  to  young 
ladies,  in  giving  them  many  of  the  benefits,  without  the  expense  of  time  and 
labor  required  for  a  classical  education.  In  the  education  of  females  this  work 
will  be  regarded  as  above  price. 

I.  N.  SPRAGUE, 
Late  Pastor  of  4th  Free  Pres.  Ch.,  New  York. 

We  fully  concnr  in  the  above.  N.  E.  JOHNSON, 

Pastor  of  3d  Free  Pres.  Ch..  New  York. 
Rev.  C.  N.  MATTOON. 

From  C.  C.  Yates,  M.D. 

1  have  examined  Mr.  Town's  "Analysis"  so  far  as  to  be  satisfied  of  its  import- 
ance as  a  school  book.  The  peculiar  excellence  of  the  system  consists  in  the 
happy  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  elementary  parts  of  our  language, 
and  a  prartical  application  of  those  principles  which  are  fundamental  and  com- 
mon to  all  other  languages,  in  reducing  the  most  complex  derivative  words  to  the 
entire  comprehension  of  children. 

In  my  view  the  work  presents  two  considerations  of  primary  importance,  the 
saving  of  a  vast  amount  of  time,  labor,  and  expense,  and  a  speedy  acquisition  of 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  words. 

New  York,  July  1,  1636.  O.  C.  YATES. 


IV 

Having  examined  Mr.  Town's  "Analysis,"  I  do  most  fully  concur  with  Dr. 
Yates  in  the  opinion  of  its  merits. 

JOHN  B.  SHAW. 
Utica,  July  6,  1836. 

1  have  cursorily  examined  Mr.  Town's  "Analysis,"  and  believe  it  to  be  a  work 
eminently  adapted  to  aid  the  student  in  acquiring  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
language. 

If  the  execution  in  detail  be  at  all  equal  to  the  excellence  of  the  plan,  and  I  be- 
lieve it  is  so,  the  author  is  deserving  the  patronage  and  best  thanks  of  the  com- 
munity. 

THOS.  EUSTICE, 
Principal  of  Acad,  and  High  School,  Philadelphia. 

Sir, 

From  the  short  examination  I  have  been  able  to  give  your  "Analysis,"  I  un- 
hesitatingly express  my  opinion,  that  the  work  is  new,  and  merits  the  particular 
attention  of  every  person  engaged  in  the  work  of  instructing  the  youth  of  our 
country.  Among  the  most  important  and  arduous  duties,  which  teachers  have  to 
perform,  is,  that  of  successfully  teaching  the  pupil  a  thorough  knowledge  and 
command  of  language  ;  and  it  is  evident  to  all,  who  have  had  much  experience  in 
teaching,  that  before  so  great  a  desideratum  can  be  obtained  by  the  student,  a 
very  general  knowledge  of  the  true  import  and  meaning  of  words  must  be  ac- 
quired. And  I  take  pleasure  in  expressing  my  belief,  that  your  "Analysis"  is 
admirably  calculated  to  facilitate  those  who  properly  attend  to  its  principles,  in 
the  acquisition  of  that  very  important  branch  of  English  education;  and  at  the 
same  time  greatly  diminishing  the  labor  of  the  instructor. 

Having,  therefore,  received  a  very  favorable  impression  of  the  work,  from 
the  examination  I  have  given  it,  1  do  most  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  the 
attention  of  teachers  ;  and  hope  you  may  receive  the  patronage  of  an  enlightened 
public,  always  due  to  merit.  Respectfully  yours, 

JNO.  W.  KITCHAM, 
New  York,  July  2,  1836.  Prin.  of  New  York  Public  School,  No.  7. 

From  the  New  York  Evangelist. 

Something  that  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  Child  that  can  read.-  Salem 
Town's  "Analysis"  of  the  derivative  words  in  the  English  language,  is  a  book 
worthy  the  attention  of  every  parent.  It  should  be  in  every  common  school,  in 
every  academy,  and  every  college  in  the  land.  It  is  an  easy,  comprehensive 
view  of  all  the  compounded  words  in  use,  in  the  English  language. 

Albany  Gazette. 

An  "Analysis  of  the  Derivative  Words  in  the  English  Language,"  by  Salem 
Town. 

This  is  evidently  the  work  of  a  deep  thinker,  who  proposes  to  furnish  those 
not  having  had  a  classical  education  with  the  means  of  acquiring  a  knowledge 
of  derivative  words  and  their  component  parts.  It  is  a  very  curious  book  and 
one  which  will  repay  an  attentive  perusal.  No  one  who  has  any  curiosity  about 
the  principles  of  our  language  should  be  without  a  copy.  The  plan  is  simple, 
and  the  results  of  its  adoption  are  highly  satisfactory. 

The  following  literary  Gentlemen  have  given  their  entire  approval  and  com- 
mendation at  length,  which  cannot  be  added  : — C.  Morgan.  Esq.,  E.  W.  Arms, 
Esq..  J.  H  Paon.   F.qnr   J    H.  Clark,  Esq.,  J.  Williams,  Esq.,  J.  Morgan,  and  H. 


AN' 


ANALYSIS 


DERIVATIVE    WORDS 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE; 

OR, 

A  KiEY  TO  THEIR  PRECISE  ANALYTIC  DEFINITIONS, 

BY  PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES: 

Designed  to  furnish  an  Easy  and  Expeditious  Method  of  Acquiring  a  Knowledge  of 
Derivative  Words,  from  a  Knowledge  of  their  Component  Parts. 


BY   SALEM   TOWN,   A.M. 


Eijitfr      IS&tttOrt; 

CAREFULLY  REVISED,  ENLARGED,  AND  ADAPTED  TO  SCHOOLS 
OF  ALL  GRADES. 

NEW-YORK: 

PUBLISHED  BY  HARPER  &  BROTHERS, 

No.  82    CLIFF-STREET. 

183( 


I 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1835,  by 

SALEM    TOWN, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Northern  District  of  New  York. 


STEREOTYPED  BY  REDFIELD  &  LINDSAY, 

No.  13  Chambers-street  New-York. 


PREFACE  TO  THE   SECOND  EDITION. 


The  first  edition  of  this  work,  was  the  first  effort  of  the 
Author,  and  it  is  believed  to  be  the  first  attempt  to  present 
the  component  parts  of  English  derivative  words,  in  their 
distinctive  character,  and  exhibit  their  combination  in  any 
thing  like  system.  The  practicability  of  the  work  had 
been  under  consideration,  and  the  materials  principally  col- 
lected, many  years  before  the  plan  was  fully  carried  out. 
The  first  edition  was  at  length  presented,  and  notwithstand- 
ing its  imperfections,  has  fairly  settled  the  question,  as  to 
the  importance  of  the  plan  proposed,  and  the  course  to  be 
pursued  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  derivative  words. 
The  experiment  has  been  made,  and  repeated  under  such 
circumstances,  that  the  Author,  from  his  own  observation 
of  facts,  will  now  guaranty,  to  communicate  more  know- 
ledge of  derivative  words  in  the  English  Language,  to  any 
class  of  English  Scholars  over  twelve  years  of  age,  in 
twelve  weeks,  than  ever  was,  or  ever  can  be  communicated, 
in  the  ordinary  way,  to  those  of  a  similar  age,  in  twelve 
months. 

The  experience  of  thirty  years,  devoted  exclusively  to 
instruction,  has  presented  every  grade  of  intellect,  with  ev- 
3 


ery  diversity  of  capacity  for  improvement,  both  in  classical 
and  English  literature  ;  and  in  no  instance,  so  far  as  recol- 
lection serves,  has  any  former  course  of  instruction  on  this 
point,  afforded  such  facilities  as  the  one  now  offered,  for 
acquiring  a  knowledge,  and  ready  use  of  derivative  words. 
It  is  a  fact  well  known  to  classical  scholars,  that  the  prim- 
itive words  in  our  language,  are  comparatively  few,  and  of 
the  simplest  order,  such  as  almost  every  child  of  ten  years 
old  knows.  It  is  when  these  simple  words  grow  up  into 
their  derivative,  compound  and  complex  forms,  that  the 
child  loses  sight  of  their  import,  and  simply,  because  he  is 
ignorant  of  their  component  parts.  How  few  children  could 
tell  what  agglutinative  means ;  and  who  of  them  does  not 
know  what  is  meant  by  glue  ?  The  classical  scholar  per- 
ceives this  peculiarity  of  construction  the  moment  he  opens 
the  book,  and  adds,  "  such  principles  are  not  matters  of 
opinion,  they  are  matters  of  fact ;"  the  component  parts  of 
all  derivative  words  being  known  how  can  the  scholar  fail 
to  know  a  whole,  just  as  soon  as  he  understands  all  the 
component  parts. 

The  principles  then  on  which  this  work  is  executed,  are 
interwoven  with,  and  fundamental  to,  a  critical  knowledge 
of  every  language.  Hence  one  undivided  opinion  has  been 
expressed  by  the  classical  scholar,  that  "  Analysis,  was 
the  only  method,  by  which  it  was  possible  to  arrive  at,  and 
feel  the  full  force  of  a  compound,  or  derivative  word."  One 
grand  object  in  the  study  of  the  classics,  is  to  acquire  an 
extensive  knowledge,  and  command,  of  language.  It  is 
believed  that  the  principles  developed  in  this  little  book, 
are  the  very  principles  by  which  every  scientific  man  is 
guided,  and  on  which  rests  all  his  critical  knowledge  in 
any  language. 

The  embodying  them  is,  therefore,  only  collecting  such 
component  parts  of  words,  as  have  for  ages  governed  lan- 
guage, showing  how  they  have  ever  been  applied,  and  then 


taking  advantage  of  this  knowledge  to  confer  some  of  the 
important  benefits,  which  the  classical  student  now  receives 
almost  exclusively,  on  our  common  English  scholars.  It 
is  the  undivided  opinion  of  the  most  competent  judges, 
that  an  English  scholar,  thoroughly  versed  in  this  system, 
will,  so  far  as  language  is  concerned,  secure  to  himself 
many  important  advantages,  which  the  classical  scholar 
alone,  has  heretofore  enjoyed.  The  plan  and  execution  of 
the  work  are  original.  It  is  not  designed  to  come  in 
competition  with  any  other  book  now  in  use.  It  is  not 
designed  to  supersede,  nor  take  the  place  of  any  school- 
book  whatever,  but  to  follow  any,  or  all  such,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

The  second  edition  has  undergone  a  thorough  revision. 
The  whole  plan  has  been  much  simplified,  and  adapted  to 
the  capacities  of  children  in  our  common  schools.  Much 
has  been  added,  and  it  is  now  submitted  to  an  enlightened 
public,  with  little  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Author,  than  its 
general  utility  to  the  rising  generation,  and  in  part,  to  re- 
lieve teachers  of  that  thankless  burden  of  responsibility, 
and  painful  anxiety  in  devising  and  trying  a  thousand  expe- 
dients to  give  their  pupils  a  respectable  knowledge  of 
words,  and  a  proper  command  of  language.  None  but  a 
teacher  can  know  the  sleepless  solicitude  of  that  profes- 
sion. The  Author  has  spent  his  life,  with  all  his  feelings 
merged  in  the  prospects  of  the  rising  generation,  and  the 
diffusion  of  that  general  knowledge,  which  has  placed 
this  whole  nation  on  so  proud  an  eminence.  Know- 
ledge and  virtue  are,  emphatically,  the  stepping  stone 
to  individual  distinction,  the  main  pillars  which  must 
ever  sustain  our  free  institutions,  and  the  broad  foun- 
dation, on  which  the  temples  of  our  nation's  glory  can 
securely  stand. 

It   is,   therefore,   most  ardently  desired,   that  teachers 
especially,  and  all  well-wishers   to  any  improvements  in 


the  facilities  of  communicating  a  knowledge  of  the  struc- 
ture of  words,  so  as  to  furnish  a  general  clue  to  their  com- 
mon import,  and  thereby,  at  once  unlock  the  whole  amount 
of  derivative  words  in  the  Language,  will  kindly  impart 
their  views,  in  aid  of  a  cause,  common  to  science,  and 
common  to  our  country. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


TO    THE    PUBLIC. 


The  simple  fact,  that  words  are  the  common  medium 
through  which  all  knowledge  is,  in  some  way  recorded, 
transmitted,  received  and  communicated,  should  induce 
every  person  to  make  vigorous  efforts,  fully  to  understand 
their  import.  If  words  are  read  or  spoken,  and  the  reader 
or  hearer,  is  ignorant  of  their  appropriate  meaning,  he 
might  as  well,  not  have  read  or  heard.  It  has  been  a  com- 
mon exercise  in  our  schools,  for  scholars  to  spell,  year  after 
year,  till  the  whole  contents  of  the  spelling  part,  were  com- 
pletely memorized,  and  at  the  same  time,  very  few  of  the 
words  distinctly  understood.  Hence  in  reading  a  sentence, 
if  asked  the  definition  of  the  words  singly,  or  the  collective 
idea  contained  in  the  sentence,  either  no  answer  would  be 
given,  or  one  altogether  confused  and  unintelligible.  This 
shows  a  radical  defect  somewhere.  Either  the  writer  has 
failed  by  the  improper  use  of  words,  to  record  an  idea,  or 
the  reader,  through  his  ignorance  of  those  words,  cannot 
tell  what  that  idea  is.  This  may  be  no  reflection  on  the 
student's  intellect,  yet  it  is  a  most  serious  reflection  on  that 
course  of  instruction,  which  has  consumed  so  many  years, 
in  little  else,  than  repeating  sounds,  without  any  regard  to 
their  distinctive  import.  And  why,  it  may  be  asked,  may 
not  a  scholar  just  as  soon  as  he  can  combine  words  in  read- 
ing, with  any  degree  of  fluency,  commence  and  continue 
learning  to  associate  their  appropriate  ideas  ?  what  use  can 
these  words  be,  till  their  meaning  is  known.  And  cannot 
7 


ideas  be  learned  with  greater  facility,  than  naked  words, 
from  the  instinctive  interest  the  mind  feels  in  its  perceptions 
of  ideas,  as  well  as  from  the  powerful  influence  of  the 
principles  of  association  on  its  operations  ?  It  is  the  very 
nature  of  mind  to  think,  and  derive  pleasure  from  every  new 
thought.  This  deficiency,  therefore,  as  to  the  true  import 
of  words,  according  to  established  usage,  is  a  radical  defect 
in  the  education  of  our  country.  It  is  felt,  more  or  less,  in 
every  department  of  society.  It  is  complained  of,  even  by 
the  finished  classical  scholar,  direct  from  the  halls  of  our 
colleges,  as  a  serious  defect  in  the  fundamental  part  of  his 
English  education.  A  defect  upon  which  he  always  looks 
back,  to  the  early  period  of  his  life,  when  he  could  run 
through  all  the  spelling  columns  in  his  book,  with  as  much 
facility,  as  a  parrot  can  say  '  Pritty  Pol,'  and  at  the  same 
time,  with  little  more  knowledge  of  their  import,  or  use, 
simply  because  he  was  not  otherwise  taught — had  no  exer- 
cise, which  led  him,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  that  point. 
When,  therefore,  he  comes  into  public  life,  and  must  be 
responsible  for  the  precise  ideas  his  words  convey,  he  is 
often  compelled  to  make  frequent  appeals  to  his  dictionary, 
in  relation  to  some  of  the  most  common  words  in  the  lan- 
guage. Who  does  not  know  this  from  his  own  experience, 
when  just  stepping  into  public  life  ?  There  is  not,  most 
probably,  a  teacher  in  the  higher  departments  of  science 
in  the  United  States,  who  has  not  witnessed  this  defect, 
in  a  greater  or  less  degree,  in  the  elementary  English  edu- 
cation of  many  of  his  pupils.  A  specific  remedy  should 
be  diligently  sought,  and  if  found,  speedily  applied.  If  the 
author  has  not  greatly  misjudged,  this  book  does  present 
something  like  a  remedy.  If  he  has  misjudged,  he  has 
plenty  of  good  company.  For  in  the  course  of  twelve  years, 
the  author  has  been  examining  this  very  point,  at  intervals, 
and  has  passed  through  many  of  the  states,  seen  and  con- 
versed with  many  scientific  men,  and  in  May,  1835,  at  the 


General  Assembly  at  Pittsburgh,  availed  himself  of  the  opin- 
ions of  many  others,  some  of  whom,  at  least,  were  men  of 
undoubted  qualifications.  All,  he  believes,  aside  from  any 
personal  considerations,  have  agreed  in  the  same  opinion. 
Indeed  it  is  the  only  opinion,  which  could  be  predicated  on 
the  fact,  that  primitive  words,  given  with  their  definitions, 
shall  be  learned  by  the  scholar — that  after  spelling  and  de- 
fining such  primitive,  then  with  its  prefixes  and  suffixes,  he 
shall  carry  it  through  all  its  derivative  forms  in  some  cases 
amounting  to  more  than  a  hundred  words,  with  their  appro- 
priate meaning.  The  result  of  such  a  course,  could  not  fail 
to  secure  its  object,  and  lay  the  foundation  deep  and  broad, 
in  the  analysis  of  words,  with  their  true  import,  equal  to  the 
entire  length  and  breadth  of  our  language. 

Competent  judges  have  entertained  the  opinion,*  that  a 
scholar  may,  by  proper  application,  acquire  more  knowledge 
of  the  English  language  in  a  few  months,  on  the  principles 
of  Analysis  and  Synthesis,  laid  down  in  this  book,  both  in 
accuracy  of  spelling,  structure  of  words,  and  their  true  im- 
port, than  ever  is  acquired  in  the  ordinary  course  of  study, 
during  many  years.  It  is  very  obvious,  say  they,  that 
scholars  will  learn  to  examine  the  structure  of  words,  and 
trace  out  various  formations  from  the  same  root,  something 
in  the  manner,  as  the  classical  student  is  exercised  in 
Greek  and  Latin.  In  this  way,  he  readily  discovers  how 
the  primitive  word  varies  its  signification,  as  it  is  run  through 
all  its  derivative  forms.  From  a  knowledge  of  all  the  com- 
ponent parts,  he  can  easily  trace  each  shade  of  difference, 
from  the  plain,  literal  signification,  to  the  most  beautiful  fig- 
urative applications.  Hence  if  he  has  thoughts  to  record, 
he  is  qualified  to  choose  the  most  appropriate  words,  and 
nothing,  but  inexcusable  carelessness,  can  cause  ambiguity 
of  expression. 

*  This  opinion  has  since  been  demonstrated  by  actual  experiment. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGB. 

Directions  for  Studying  this  Book, 11 

Explanation  of  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words, 13 

What  are  neither  Prefixes  nor  Suffixes, 13 

Origin  of  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, 14 

Explanation  of  the  Prefixes, 13 

Explanation  of  the  Suffixes, 26 

Synopsis  of  the  Prefixes, 33 

Synopsis  of  the  Suffixes, 38 

Classification  of  Suffixes 41 

General  Rules  for  forming  Derivative  Words, 43 

Brief  Examination  as  to  the  regular  formation  of  Derivative  Words, 45 

Special  Rules  for  understanding  the  arrangement  and  combination  of  Pre- 
fixes in  forming  Derivative  Words, 48 

Manner  of  defining  words  by  their  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, 51 

An  entire  Example  in  the  word  Press, 52 

First  Exercise  for  Children  in  Common  Schools, 55 

Second  Exercise,  by  subjoining  Suffixes  in  Classes, 61 

Third  Exercise  in  forming  Derivative  Words  from  their  Primitives, 68 

Fourth  Exercise  with  Prefixes  and  Suffixes,  to  be  carried  out  and  defined, ...    70 

Fifth  Exercise,  carried  out  like  the  fourth 83 

Sixth  Exercise,  carried  out  in  the  same  manner, 92 

Seventh,  an  Exercise  for  the  Student  to  form  as  many  Derivatives  as  he  can, 

and  define  them  occasionally  or  generally 106 

Eighth,  same  as  the  Seventh, Ill 

Ninth,  do 124 

Tenth,  do 130 

Eleventh,  do 133 

Twelfth,  do 144 

Thirteenth,  do 1ST 

A  few  Words  more  particularly  examined,  analytically  and  synthetically,. . . .  161 
Importance  of  understanding  the  Latin  and  Greek  Languages, ,, 163 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  STUDYING  THIS  BOOK. 


1.  The  scholar  must  understand  the  difference  between  a 
primitive,  and  derivative  word.     Sec.  1. 

2.  He  must  observe  when  the  same  combinations  of  let- 
ters, are  neither  prefixes  nor  suffixes.     Sec.  2. 

3  The  prefixes  must  be  learned  so  perfectly,  as  to  pre- 
vent the  least  hesitancy  in  defining  them,  either  alone,  or  in 
connexion  with  such  words  as  the  teacher  is  pleased  to 
propose.     Sec.  4. 

This  is  a  primary  and  fundamental  requisition. 

In  rendering  the  prefixes  familiar,  experience  has  proved 
the  most  successful  method  to  be,  for  the  teacher  to  name 
primitive  words  promiscuously,  in  any  part  of  the  book,  tell 
their  meaning,  then  join  the  prefix,  and  require  the  student 
to  define  the  word.  A  few  exercises  in  this  manner  will 
secure  a  correct  and  prompt  answer.  This  exercise  should 
in  no  case  be  omitted. 

4.  The  suffixes  with  their  signification  as  appended  to 
words,  must  be  learned  with  the  same  care  as  the  prefixes. 
Sec.  5. 

5.  Let  the  scholars  be  frequently  exercised  in  the  sy- 
nopsis of  prefixes,  and  suffixes.     Sec.  6  &  7. 

6.  Let  the  manner  of  defining  words  be  well  understood, 
in  sec.  12,  connected  with  the  example  in  the  word  Press, 
sec.  13,  the  teacher  pronouncing  each  word,  and  requiring 
the  scholar  to  define  it  according  to  its  formation. 

7.  Examine  the  rules  for  forming  derivative  words,  and 
the  use  of  commas,  with  their  examples,  sec.  9,  and  con- 
tinue this  exercise  through  sec.  15,  of  forming,  and  defining 
•words  with  their  suffixes  classed.  This  exercise  must  be 
continued  until  the  mode  of  defining  is  perfectly  familiar. 

8.  Next,  let  the  manner  of  combining  the  prefixes  in 
sec.  11,  be  well  understood. 

11 


12 

9.  Examine  sec.  10,  and  in  connexion  with  it,  form  the 
derivative  words  by  reading  them  in  sec.  16,  till  that  exer- 
cise becomes  familiar. 

When  the  above  is  well  understood,  students  in  the  high- 
er classes,  may  be  put  to  the  exercise  of  spelling  primitive 
words,  forming  and  defining  their  derivatives,  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  teacher.  As  they  read  also,  let  them  analyze 
the  words. 

In  common  schools,  after  committing  the  prefixes  thor- 
oughly, the  scholars  may  commence  sec.  14,  and  go  on, 
regularly,  referring  to  such  rules  and  explanations  in  their 
advancement,  as  the  teacher  finds  needful. 

In  common  schools  the  course  to  be  pursued  is  simply 
the  following.  Let  the  scholars  learn  the  prefixes  and  suf- 
fixes, the  manner  of  combining  them,  the  import  of  the 
word  after  such  combinations.  Then  commence  sec.  14, 
and  go  through  the  book  in  regular  spelling  lessons,  as  in 
any  spelling-book,  but  with  this  addition,  that  the  meaning 
of  each  word  must  be  learned,  and  given  when  spelled,  af- 
ter which,  let  the  scholars  be  required  to  form  and  define 
as  many  derivatives  as  they  can. 

One  winter's  school  of  four  months,  will  carry  any  indus- 
trious scholar,  of  10  or  12  years  old,  completely  through 
this  book,  at  20  primitive  words  per  day.  From  the  1600 
words  which  are  given,  more  than  30,000  derivatives  are 
formed.  Experiment  in  the  opinion  of  competent  judges, 
has  satisfactorily  settled  one  important  point,  that  children, 
under  this  discipline,  can  actually  acquire  more  knowledge 
of  the  English  language  in  one  winter's  school  of  four 
months,  than  was  ever  acquired  in  the  ordinary  way,  by 
scholars  of  the  same  age,  in  four  times  that  number  of 
months,  if  not  in  their  whole  life.  Let  teachers,  therefore, 
make  thorough  work  in  the  application  of  the  principles  of 
this  book,  and  they  will  shortly  see  their  pupils  becoming 
thoroughly  versed  in  the  knowledge  of  language.  Teach- 
ers should  frequently  exercise  small  children  in  the  synop- 
sis of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  together  with  sections  14 
and  15. 


SECTION  I. 
Explanation  of  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words. 

Primitive  words  are  such  as  can  be  reduced  to  no  few- 
er letters,  than  what  are  then  expressed.  Man,  Fame, 
House,  Sense,  are  Primitive  words,  because  they  can  be 
reduced  to  no  fewer  letters,  and  convey  a  distinct  idea  of 
each  thing  specified. 

But  Manly,  Defamation,  Insensibility  and  Houseless,  are 
derivative  words,  because  they  can  be  stripped  of  all  their 
letters  above  Man,  Fame,  Sense  and  House,  and  still  leave 
a  significant  word. 

A  compound  word  is  composed  of  two  or  more  distinct 
words,  as  Sugar-maple,  Over-load,  Common-place-book. 

In  this  work,  all  such  words  of  Latin  origin  as  Abdicate, 
Convene,  Adhere,  &c.  so  far  as  our  language  is  concerned, 
will  be  taken  as  primitives.  Yet  the  English  scholar  will 
perceive  they  are  not  such,  in  the  language  whence  they 
are  derived.  Some  other  words  also  will  be  inserted  which 
are  not  primitives. 

Those  parts,  which  are  added  to  a  primitive  word,  we 
shall  call  prefixes  and  suffixes,  and  as  the  primitive  has  at 
least  one  appropriate  meaning,  all  the  varieties  of  signifi- 
cation which  arise  from  additions  in  any  way  made  to  such 
primitive,  must  depend  exclusively  on  those  parts  added. 
Hence,  when  all  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  in  the  language 
are  known,  nothing  remains,  but  to  acquire  the  meaning  of 
the  primitives,  to  understand  the  whole  language,  so  far  as 
those  component  parts  are  concerned  in  modifying  the  im- 
port of  words. 


SECTION  II. 

Caution. 

Lv  applying  the  following  rules,  in  this  book,  it  must  be 
remembered,  their   application  is  confined  exclusively  to 
13  2 


14 

derivative  words.  When  any  of  those  combinations  of 
letters,  called  prefixes  and  suffixes,  constitute  an  essential 
part  of  a  primitive  word,  they  are  in  such  cases  neither 
prefixes  nor  suffixes,  and  do  not  come  under  the  rules  of 
Analysis  nor  Definition.  Such  as  '  ess,'  in  Bless,  '  ate,'  in 
Climate,  '  ish,'  in  Lavish,  '  ment,'  in  Torment,  &c  «  em,' in 
Embers,  '  bi,'  in  Bias,  '  un,'  in  Under,  together  with  all 
such  primitive  words,  as  contain  a  similar  combination  of 
letters,  as  any  of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes.  To  such  the 
rules  do  not  apply. 


SECTION  III. 
Origin  of  some  of  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes. 

The  greater  part  of  the  prefixes  in  the  English  language, 
come  to  us  from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In  those  Languages, 
they  are  separable,  or  inseparable  prepositions.  Very  little 
difference  exists  in  their  independent  signification,  or  con- 
junct influence,  as  used  in  our  language,  or  in  those  lan- 
guages, whence  they  are  derived.  Their  extent  of  appli- 
cation gives  them  a  commanding  influence.  Hence  the 
importance  of  a  distinct  understanding  of  all  those  small 
words,  so  extensively  interwoven,  in  the  formation  of  our 
derivative  words. 

The  suffixes  are  of  a  more  doubtful  origin  ;  yet  their 
common  import,  as  appended  to  words,  can  be  obtained 
with  sufficient  precision,  to  answer  the  more  important  pur- 
poses of  this  work.  Nor  is  it  very  material  in  this  case, 
whether  we  can  or  cannot  decide  unequivocally  on  their 
origin,  provided  we  can  be  satisfied  how  their  application 
does  change,  alter  or  modify  the  import  of  words,  according 
to  established  usage.  Although  such  inquiry  is  not  neces- 
sarily connected  with  this  work,  yet  we  will  give  some 
general  view,  both  as  to  fact,  and  probability  of  their  deri- 
vations. 

er.  When  it  signifies  a  person,  as  m  Lover,  Farmer,  &c. 
is  considered  to  be  a  contraction  of  the  Saxon  wcr,  which 
signifies,  a  Man.  Hence,  hover  implies  a  Man,  or  person 
who  loves. 


15 

OR.  Is  derived  from  the  Latin  Er  and  or,  go  far  in  dis- 
tinguishing Saxon  and  Latin  derivations. 

ess.  Is  probably  of  Hebrew  origin,  yet  many  derivatives 
in  or,  from  Latin,  take  ess,  to  distinguish  the  gender,  as 
Actor,  Actress,  generally  dropping  the  vowel  which  pre- 
cedes r. 

y.  When  the  final  letter,  is  thought  to  be  the  equivalent 
of  the  German  ei,  and  gives  at  least  three  different  senses 
to  words. 

1.  It  expresses  a  condition,  as  Slave  Slaver  Slavery. 

2.  A  place  where  something  is  done  or  kept,  as  Factor 
Factory,  Armor  Armory. 

3.  The  possession  of  somet,     g,  as  weal  wealth  wealthy. 
ly.  Is  a  contraction  of  like,  derived  from  the  German 

•  lick.'  We  say  either  dea.ih.-Uke,  or  death/y,  God-like,  or 
God/y,  but  always  goodly,  and  always  war-like. 

ty.  Is  derived  from  Lat.  as  Pietas,  whence  Piety,  Levi- 
tas,  Levity,  Serenitas,  Serenity,  Civilitas. 

fy,  fit,  ficJ  Have  a  common  origin,  which  is  the  con- 
traction of  Facio,  or  Fio,  to  make,  or  become.  Fructify  is 
a  contraction  of  Fructus  and  Facio,  to  make  fruitful — Deify, 
&c.  Deus  and  Facio. 

able  and  ible.  Home  Tooke  thinks  are  taken  from  the 
Gothic  word  '  abal?  implying  power,  strength,  or  ability. 

Able  and  ible,  are  also  common  in  Latin. 

tive.  Is  borrowed  from  the  Lat.  Tivus — as  Nativus,  Na- 
tive.    Nominativus,  Nominative,  Genitivus. 

ic.  Is  a  contraction,  as  it  is  thought,  from  the  Greek  ikos, 
as  Kritikos,  Critic.  Some  however  are  from  Lat.  and 
French. 

tion,  sion.  Are  derived  from  Lat.  and  in  many  instances 
differ  in  signification  very  little  from  ling,:  as  in  Education, 
or  Educating.  When  the  Latin  Supine,  whence  they  are 
borrowed,  ends  in  turn,  we  spell  tion,  but  when  the  Supine 
is  sum,  we  spell  sion. 

Lat.  Motum,  Conventum,  Formatum,  Collectum. 

En.    Motion,  Convention,  Formation,  Collection. 

Lat.  Aversum,  Submersum,  Incursum,  Adhesum. 

En.   Aversion,  Submersion,  Incursion,  Adhesion. 

Others  are  formed  from  Lat.  nouns,  by  the  addition  of  n, 
to  the  nom.  case,  as  Natio,  Statio — Nation,  Station. 


16 

ance.   "I      These  six  terminations  have  evidently  growfi 

ence.        out  of  the  pres.  part.  nom.  case  of  Lat.  verbs, 

ancy.     I   because  the  spelling  of  each,  agrees  with  the 

ency.     |    four  conjugations.     The  first  with  few  excep- 

ant.  tions,  has  ance.     The  second  and  third,  ence, 

ent.  J  and  the  fourth  ience.  Lat.  first.  Conj.  Affirm- 
ans,  Accordant,  Chcumstans.  En.  Affirmance,  Accordance, 
Circumstance. 

Second  and  third  conj.  Tendens,  Agcns,  Ardent,  Insolv- 
ent.    En.     Tendency,  Agency,  Ardency,  Insolvency. 

Fourth  conj.  Audiens,  Conveniens,  Obediens,  Experiens, 
VdXiens.  En.  Audience,  Convenience,  Obedience,  Expe- 
rience, Patience. 

Lat.  Dissonant,  Dependent,  Delinquent,  Expedient. 

En.    Dissonant,  Dependent,  Delinquent,  Expedient. 

This  fact,  if  duly  regarded  by  the  classical  scholar, 
would  prevent  any  mistakes  in  spelling  words  of  this  de- 
scription. 

ment.    )       Are  admitted  to  be  of  French  origin.     Ment, 

age.       S  is  extensively  used. 

ate.  There  is  a  numerous  class  of  words  having  this 
termination,  which  in  form,  exactly  agrees  with  the  Imp. 
mode  of  Lat.  verbs  second  person,  plural,  and  the  Lat. 
perf.  part,  vocative  case  ;  yet  in  signification,  there  is  little, 
or  no  analogy.  It  is  now  an  English  termination,  common 
to  words  of  Lat.  derivation,  as  Accelerate,  Obliterate,  De- 
liberate, Demonstrate,  Accommodate,  &c. 

d.  In  such  words  as  Multiplicand,  Dividend,  Subtrahend, 
Legend,  Reverend,  &c.  is  evidently,  a  contraction,  of  the 
Lat.  dus,  or  dum,  as  Legend  for  Legendns,  &c. 

ble.  This  termination  has  come  down  to  us  through  the 
medium  of  the  Italian  and  French  ;  from  the  Lat.  bilis,  the 
French  mistaking  between  bile,  and  the  Italian  vole,  made 
it  ble,  and  very  improperly  appended  it  to  a  numerous  class 
of  words,  such  as  SyllaZde,  Yestible,  double,  Treble,  &c. 

en.  Is  derived  from  the  Saxon  an,  through  tbe  German, 
en,  and  was  originally  equivalent  to  our  particle  to,  of  the 
Infinitive  mode.  Amongst  the  Saxons  en,  and  n,  were  used 
in  common  with  cd,  as  participial  terminations,  as  Craven, 
Heaven,  Barren,  for  Craved,  Heaved,  Barred ;  both  are  re- 
tained by  established  usage.    We  now  say  given,  and  stern, 


17 

instead  of  gived,  and  stemed,  or  we  make  use  of  either,  as 
Engraven,  or  Engraved ;  yet  by  far  the  most  numerous 
class  of  words  retained  exclusively.  t  is  often  used  like 
en  for  el  as  buik  for  builJeci. 

ric.  Is  derived  from  German,  and  implies  possession,  as 
Bishopric. 

dom.  Is  from  the  German  thum,  implying  a  collection  of 
things. 

ing.  Is  taken  from  the  German  ung. 

ling  and  kin.  Are  also  borrowed  from  the  German,  and 
are  commonly  used  as  diminutives,  as  Ducking-,  a  little 
Duck.     Lamb&m,  a  little  Lamb.     Wilkin,  &c. 

hood.  Is  also  borrowed  from  German,  as  Boyhood, 
Priesthood,  expressing  a  state  or  condition. 

th.  Seems  to  be  peculiar  to  some  of  the  more  ancient 
forms  of  our  language,  accompanied  in  most  cases,  by  a 
change  of  vowels,  as  Long,  Length,  Strong,  StrengM,  Bear, 
Birth,  Moon,  Month,  &c. 

ght.  Is  the  equivalent  for  the  German  cht,  as  in  sight, 
&c. 

ish.  Is  the  substitute  for  the  German,  isch. 

some.  Probably  may  have  come  from  the  German  sam 

ful.  Is  derived  from  the  German  voll. 

less.  Is  also  from  the  German  los. 

ed.  While  a  great  portion  of  our  verbs  derived  from  the 
Saxon,  are  very  irregular,  as  drink,  swim,  fling,  &c.  those 
of  Latin  origin,  are  pretty  uniformly  marked  by  the  regular 
addition  of  ed,  to  their  imperfect,  and  participle. 

ship.  Seems  to  be  borrowed  from  some  word,  implying 
to  shape,  or  do  something,  as  Friendship,  Fellowship,  &c. 

ness.  Is  doubtless  from  the  German  niss. 

al.  May  be  considered  of  Latin  origin. 

ar,  and  ory.  Are  also  derived  from  the  Latin. 

ize,  ist,  ism.  Are  of  Greek  derivation. 

ure.  Is  from  the  Latin. 

ude,  tude.   Are  also  from  the  Latin. 

oid.  Is  derived  from  the  Greek,  eidos. 

ous.  Is  taken  from  the  Latin. 

There  can  be  little  doubt,  that  most  if  not  all  the  impor- 
tant terminations  in  our  language,  were  once  significant 
words,  or  a  contraction  of  such  words.     Could  this  be  pre- 

2" 


18 


cisely  ascertained,  it  would  furnish  a  most  perfect  devel- 
opement  of  the  true  genius  of  our  language.  The  result 
of  such  a  discovery,  would  expose  all  the  errors  and  im- 
perfections that  now  exist,  and  naturally  induce  subsequent 
writers  to  avoid  them,  and  gradually  introduce,  what  in 
process  of  time  would  be  a  pure,  if  not  a  perfect  system 
of  language. 


SECTION  IV. 

Explanation  of  the  Prefixes. 

A  Prefix  is  a  letter,  syllable  or  word  added  to  the  be- 
ginning of  some  other  word  to  vary  or  modify  its  primitive 
signification. 

Theist,  implies  a  person  who  believes  in  the  existence 
of  a  God.  Now  prefix  a,  and  it  becomes  Atheist,  implying 
one  who  does  not  believe  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 

Again,  Possible,  means  that  which  can  be  done.  Now 
prefix  im,  and  it  becomes  ^possible,  implying  what  cannot 
be  done. 

Some  entire  words  are  occasionally  used  as  prefixes. 
The  following  are  the  principal  prefixes  in  our  language, 
influencing  the  meaning  of  words. 

a,  ab,  abs.  When  these  are  prefixed  to  words,  which  are 
commonly  of  Latin  origin,  they  usually  denote, 

Separating,  Taking  from, 

or  Departure,  or  Privation. 

As  Ab  solve,  to  free  from. 

Ab  lution,  the  act  of  washing  away. 
Ab  scision,  the  act  of  cutting  off. 
Abs  tract,  to  take  from. 
Ab  breviate,  to  shorten,  taking  apart. 
Abs  ternious,  refraining  from. 
Ab  jure,  to  swear  off,  or  renounce  upon  oath. 
N.  B.  A  in  many  instances,  does  little  else  than  confirm 
the  meaning  of  the  word,  and  has  an  equivalent  significa- 
tion with  on  to  in  or  at.       As  ashore,  on  shore,  abed,  afar, 
afoot. 

ad.  When  a  prefix,  signifies  to,  increasing,  or  adding 
something  more  to  the  primitive  import.      a  ac  af  ag  al 


19 

an  ap  ar  as  at,  are  only  different  modifications  of  ad  and 
have  the  same  signification,  usually  adding  something  more 
to  the  primitive  import ;  as  join,  to  unite.  -Adjoin,  to  unite 
to.  Credit,  to  believe.  .Accredit,  to  give  belief  to.  Lo- 
cation, A  /location,  .Aspire,  Affix,  .Annex,  .Approximate,  Ar- 
rival, Assign,  .Attest,  Aggress. 

N.  B.  The  phraseology  need  not  be  confined  to  the  word 
to,  but  may  vary  in  any  manner,  which  will  imply  addition, 
as  .Accord,  to  agree  with. 

.Adjacent,  near  by.     .Assure,  to  make  more  certain. 

ambi.  Implies  two,  twofold,  or  doubtful ;  as  .Am&idexter, 
using  both  hands  equally  well.  -Ambiguous,  of  doubtful 
meaning. 

ante.  Always  denotes  before,  either  in  time  or  place  ;  as 
Antedate,  .Antechamber,  .Antediluvian,  .Antepast. 

ant,  anti.  Denote  against,  or  opposition ;  as  .Antichrist, 
.Antifebrile. 

all.  When  used  as  a  prefix,  simply  enlarges  the  signifi- 
cation, and  is  equivalent  to  most,  wholly,  or  in  the  highest 
degree ;  AJ/-cheering,  Most  cheering,  .AZZ-abandoned,  wholly 
abandoned. 

after.  Always  implies  behind,  or  later,  in  some  sense  ; 
as  Afterozxt,  Afterlove,  Afternoon. 

be.  As  a  prefix  denotes  nearness,  about,  to  make,  on,  or 
at.  It  is  derived  from  some  root,  signifying  to  press ;  as 
.Bedaub,  .Bedew,  Besmear,  Bedeck. 

bene.  Always  implies  good,  or  well;  as  Benevolent, 
Wishing  well,  Benefactor,  Benediction. 

bi,  bis.  Are  the  same,  and  as  prefixes,  mean  two ;  as 
Bisect,  to  cut  into  two  parts,  Biennial,  once  in  two  years. 

by.  When  used  as  a  prefix,  means  nearness,  closeness, 
withdrawing,  or  seclusion  ;  as  By-stander,  By-path,  By- 
lane. 

cis.   On  this  side,  cis-  Alpine,  on  this  side  the  Alps. 

centu.    \       A  hundred,  or  by  the  hundred;  as    Centu- 

centi.     >  plicate,  to  make  a  hundred  fold.    Centiped,  an 

cent.  j  hundred  feet.  Centennial,  consisting  of  a 
hundred  years.        ' 

contra.  Signifies  against,  or  in  opposition  to ;  as  Contra- 
vene,  to  oppose,  or  come  against. 

co,  com,  cog,  con,  col,  cor.  Have  a  common  significa- 


20 

tion,  indicating  union,  or  connexion,  in  some  sense,  and  are 
nearly  equivalent  to  with,  joined  with,  and  in  connexion  with, 
or  together;  as  Join  to  unite.  Conjoin,  to  unite  with. 
Press,  to  squeeze.  Compress,  to  squeeze  together.  Cog- 
nate, Concordant,  Co/location,  Corroborate,  Co-exist. 

circum.  Always  implies  around,  or  about ;  as  Circum- 
navigate, to  sail  around.      Circumvent,  Circumscribe. 

counter.  Signifies  opposite,  against,  or  corresponding  ; 
as  Counteract,  to  act  against.      Counterpart,  Countermand. 

de.  When  a  prefix,  usually  implies  from,  down,  separa- 
ting or  removing  from,  and  a  negative  sense.  Deduce,  to  lead 
or  draw  ^ron?.  Debase,  to  bring  down.  Debark,  Dethrone, 
Decapitate,  Debar,  Derange. 

N.  B.  It  sometimes  adds  more  intensity  to  the  meaning; 
as  Deprave,  Denounce. 

di,  dis,  dif.  Imply  separation,  disunion,  out,  not,  or  two  ; 
also,  to  take  away,  in  a  privative  or  negative  sense  ;  as  Di- 
verge, to  move  in  different  directions.  Disarm,  to  deprive 
of  arms.  Displace,  Disgrace,  Divulge,  Diffuse,  Divide, 
Disuse.     Dishonest,  not  honest,  Disinter,  to  take  out,  &c 

deCa.  Means  ten  ;  as  Decagon,  ten  angles.     Decalogue. 

E,  ex,  ef,  ec.  Commonly  imply  out,  out  of,  from,  or  be- 
yond ;  as  Merge,  to  put  under  water.  .Emerge,  to  come 
out.  Evade,  to  escape  from.  Exclude,  .Exonerate,  .Ex- 
haust. 

N.  B.  In  some  cases  they  do  little  else  than  to  add  em- 
phasis ;  as  Exasperate,  to  make  more  angry.  Exact,  very 
exact.  Extend,  to  advance  further.  Extreme,  to  the  very 
end. 

en,  em.  Are  a  substitute  for  in,  and  generally  increase, 
the  primitive  signification  ;  as  Enlighten,  to  afford  more 
light.  Embed,  to  lay  in  a  bed.  Entangle,  Ensnare,  En- 
trap, Enforce,  Embase. 

ed.  Implies  good,  well,  or  praise  ;  as  Ewphonic,  agreea- 
ble in  sound.     Eulogize,  to  praise. 

equi.  Implies  equal,  as  Eo?/ilaterrd,  equal  sides. 

extra.   Signifies  beyond,  more  than,  or   excess;   as  Ex- 
travagant, wandering  beyond  the  usual  limits. 
'fore.    Generally   denotes   priority,    either    in    time   or 
place  ;  as  Eorewarn,  Foresee,  .Foreknow,  Eoreshow. 

for.  When  a  prefix  to  verbs,  is  a  negative  or  a  privative, 


21 

denoting  against,  away,  or  aside ;  as  Forbear,  to  abstain 
from.     .Forbid  to  utter  a  prohibition. 

hex,  hexa.  Always  mean  six.     Hexagon  six  angles. 

high.  As  a  prefix  implies  elevated,  lofty,  or  high,  either 
in  place,  rank,  degree,  quality  or  condition,  as  High-built, 
High-minded,  High-born,  High-fed,  High-sounding. 

im,  in,  ig,  il,  ir.  When  prefixed  to  adjectives,  give  them 
a  negative  sense,  nearly  equivalent  to  not ;  as  ignoble,  not 
noble,  impossible,  not  possible,  inseparable,  what  can- 
not  be  separated,  //legal,  not  legal,  irrational,  not  ration- 
al, implacable,  insufferable,  //legible,  irreligious.  But 
when  prefixed  to  verbs,  and  in  some  instances  to  other  parts 
of  speech,  they  add  more  intensity,  or  increase  the  force  of 
signification,  as  impose,  to  lay  upon.  Infix,  to  fasten,  or  fix 
in.  Illume,  to  enlighten,  irritate,  to  excite  anger.  Implant. 

inter.  Always  implies  among,  or  between,  as  Intercede, 
to  pass  between,  or  mediate,  Interact,  Interweave,  Inter- 
fere, Intercbange,  Intermingle. 

intro.  Means  within,  into,  or  nearness,  as  in^rogression, 
entering  within.     Introduce,  Intromission. 

infra.  Means  below,  under,  or  underneath  ;  as  in/ramun- 
dane,  under  the  world. 

juris.  Implies  legal,  or  by  lawful  right ;  as  Jurisdiction. 
legal  right  over,     Jurisprudence,  legal  science. 

jdxta.  Means  near  by,  or  next ;  as  Juarteposition  being 
placed  in  nearness. 

mis.  Implies  a  wrong  use,  or  misapplication,  error  or  erro- 
neous, derived  from  the  verb  miss,  to  err.  .Misplace,  to 
place  wrong.     .Misrule,  .Misbehave,  Mismanage. 

male,  mal.  Mean  evil,  or  bad  ;  as  Ma/ediction,  speaking 
evil.  Maltreat,  to  treat  ill,  or  evil.  Malefactor,  Malevolent, 
Ma/form. 

multi.  Signifies  many  ;  as  Multiform,  many  forms. 

manu.  Means  a  hand ;  as  .Manumit,  to  free  from  sla- 
very.    Manufacture,  made  by  hand. 

un.  Prefixed  to  verbs,  is  a  privative,  and  implies  undoing 
or  depriving  ;  as  Unlace,  to  undo  what  had  been  done.  But 
when  prefixed  to  adjectives  or  participles,  it  is  anegative,  or 
the  same  as  not. 

non.  Always  gives  a  negative  sense  to  words,  similar 
to  not. 


22 

ne.  is  used  for  non,  and  means  negation  or  not ;  as  Un- 
wise, not  wise.  Untrue,  not  true.  iVonsense,  not  sense 
ZTVikind,  Unsafe,  iVonconformist,  iVonsolvent,  iVonentity 
Untie,  Neuter,  not  either. 

noct.  Implies  night,  as  iVocftirnal,  by  night. 

ob,  oc,  of,  op.  In  general  denote  in  front,  before,  against 
towards,  in,  or  on  ;  as  Objection,  something  brought  against 
Occur,  to  meet  or  come  in  front  of.  Offence,  Oppose  06- 
duce,  Obtrude. 

over.  Implies  above,  beyond,  excess,  or  too  much.  Over- 
pay, to  pay  too  much.      Overbear,  Overrate,  Overact. 

out.  Denotes  beyond,  or  to  exceed,  what  the  prim- 
itive means ;  as  Out-run,  Out-do,  Out-man,  OuMive,  Out- 
last. 

omni.  Is  prefixed  to  a  few  words,  and  is  always  equiva- 
lent to  all ;  as  Owmi'scient,  All-wise,  Owm'potent,  A//-pow- 
erful. 

octo,  octa.  )       Signify  eight ;  as  Octonocular,*  having 

oct.  J    eight  eyes.     Octagon,  eight  angles.     Oct- 

ennial, every  eighth  year. 

pleni.  Signifies  full.  Plenipotentiary,  having  full 
power. 

penta.  Means  five ;  as  Pentagon,  five  angles. 

preter.  Implies  beyond,  past,  hence,  beside,  or  more;  as 
Preternatural,  beyond  what  is  natural.  Preterlegal,  beyond 
the  limits  of  the  law.     Preterpluperfect,  Preter-it. 

post.  Commonly  denotes  after ;  as  Postmeridian,  after- 
noon, Posthumous. 

pro.  Denotes  fore,  forth,  forward,  or  out ;  as  Probation, 
^ore-trial.  Produce,  to  bring  forth.  Proceed,  Promote, 
Propel,  to  drive  forward. 

per.  Implies  more  intensity,  through,  by,  very,  or  passing 
through,  or  over  the  whole  extent ;  as  Pervade,  to  pass 
through  the  whole.  Perambulate,  to  walk  through.  Per- 
ceive, to  receive  impressions  through  the  senses.  Per-day, 
Per-chance,  Per-annum,  Per-cent. 

pre.  Denotes  before,  in  time  or  rank ;  as  Premeditate, 
to  reflect  on  before.  Presuppose,  Premonition,  Pre-eminent, 
Preconceive,  Predispose. 

*  n  is  euphonic. 


23 

quad.  Means  four.     Quadrate,  four  equal  sides. 

re.  Generally  denotes  again,  repetition,  back,  or  return  ; 
as  .Re-enter,  to  enter  again,  Reassert,  .Repay,  .Repeople, 
jRejoin,  .Relapse. 

N.  B.  In  some  words,  re,  has  lost  its  original  meaning, 
as  .Rejoice,  Receive,  &c. 

retro,  means  back  or  back  ward;  as  Retrograde. 

sub,  sue,  suf,  sue    )       Signify  under,  below,  after  or  a 

sup,  subter,  sus.  y  subordinate  degree  ;  as  Subduce, 
to  draw  under.  Succeed,  to  come  after,  or  follow.  Sup- 
plant,  to  undermine.  Suffix,  what  is  added  at  the  end  of 
a  word.  Subterfluent,  flowing  under.  Subterraneous, 
Suggest,  Sustain. 

semi,  hemi,  demi.  Always  imply  one  half;  as  Sewtt'-an- 
nual,  i/ewusphere,  Demigod,  Semicircle. 

se.  Denotes  separation,  aside  or  apart  ;  as  Secede,  to 
separate,  from.      Seduce,  to  draw  aside. 

super,  supra,  sur.*  Imply  beyond,  upon,  above,  or  over 
and  above.  Superfine,  very  fine,  or  over  and  above  fine. 
Supramundane,  above  the  world.  Surcharged,  over  charged. 
S?/rvey,  Surmount,  Superficial,  Supernumerary. 

self.  As  a  prefix  implies,  by  the  person  or  thing  alone. 
Self-taught,  taught  by  one's  self  alone.     Se//~-sufficient. 

sex.  Means  six ;  as  Sexennial,  once  in  six  years. 

soli.  Means  one  or  alone ;  as  Sofcloquy,  talking  alone  or 
to  one's  self. 

sine.  Means  without ;  as  Sine-die,  without  day. 

trans,  ultra.  Denote  across,  beyond,  over,  or  a  change. 
Trans-Atlantic,  across  the  Atlantic.  Transplant.  Ultra- 
Montane,  beyond  the  Mountain. 

tri.  Always  means  three  ;  as  Triangle,  three  angles. 

tetra.  Means  four;  as  Tetragon, four  corners  or  an- 
gles. 

uni.  Implies  one.     Uniform,  t/nicorn,  Univocal. 

under.  Implies  beneath,  inferior  or  subordinate ;  as  Un~ 
derrate,  Underxalne,  Undermine,  Undersell. 

with.  This  word,  as  a  prefix,  implies  opposition,  priva- 
tion, separation,  departure,  or  place  where  Withstand,  to 
stand  in  opposition  to.      Withhold,  Withdraw,  Within. 

*  Sur  is  a  contraction  of  Super. 


24 

poly.  Means   many;   as  Polysyllable,  many  syllables 
Polygon,  many  angles. 

Greek  words  or  parts  of  words  and  prepositions  used  as 
prefixes. 

a.  Is  a  Greek  privative,  taking  away  something ;  as 
Chromatic,  pertaining  to  color,  Achromatic,  deprived  or  des- 
titute of  color. 

amphi.  Means  about,  around ;  as  Amphitheatre,  an  edi- 
fice in  a  circular  form. 

ana.  Has  many  significations,  among  which  are  back, 
up,  through.     Anabaptist,  one  who  baptizes  again. 

arch.  Means  chief  or  principal.  ArcA-Bishop,  the 
chief  Bishop. 

astro.  A  Star ;  as  Agronomy,  the  law  of  the  Stars. 

auto.  One's  self.  Autographic,  pertaining  to  one's  own 
hand  writing. 

apo,  aph.  From,  away  from.  Apogee,  from  the  earth, 
ApAelion,  from  the  sun. 

bio.  Life.     jB?ography,  the  written  life  of  some  person. 
_biblio.  A  book.     Bibliography,  a  description  of  books. 
^nSR^tn/v^Time.     Chronology,  the  science  of  time. 

choro.  TK&jiuarticular  place.  Chorography,  giving  a  map 
or  description ioF  a  particular  place  or  region. 

chiro.  The  hand.  CAiVography,  a  writing  with  one's 
own  hand. 

cosmo.  The  world  or  universe.  Cosmography.  The  de- 
scription of  the  world. 

cata.  Against,  down.  Catabaptist,  one  who  opposes 
baptism. 

dia,  di.  Through.  Diameter,  measuring  through.  Di- 
optrics. 

dys.  Bad,  ill  or  difficult.  Dyspeptic,  bad  or  difficult  di- 
gestion. 

epi.  In,  on  or  upon.     .Epidemic,  on  the  people. 

entomo.  An  insect.     Entomology,  treating  of  insects. 

geo.  The  earth.     Geography,  a  description  of  the  earth. 

genea.  The  lineage  or  descent.  Genealogy ,  the  lineage 
of  persons  from  their  ancestry. 

homo.  Of  the  same  nature,  kind,  or  qualities.  Homoge- 
neous, of  the  same  nature  or  kind. 

hetero.  Of  another  nature  or  kind,  or  discordant  qualities 


25 

Heterodoxy,  principles  discordant  with  the  received  doc- 
trines of  the  church. 

hepta.  Seven.     Heptagon,  seven  angles. 

helio.  The  sun.  Heliocentric,  distance  from  the  sun's 
center. 

hex,  or  hexa.   Six.     Hexagon,  six  angles. 

hydro.   Water.     Hydrology,  the  science  of  water. 

hyper.  Over  or  excess.  Hypermeter,  exceeding  the  ordi- 
nary standard  of  measure. 

ichthyo.  AJish.     Ichthyology,  The  science  of  fishes. 

lexico.  A  dictionary.  Lexicography,  writing  a  dic- 
tionary. 

litho.  A  stone.  Lithography,  the  art  of  engraving  on 
stone. 

mono.  One  or  alone,  ikfowochord,  having  one  string  or 
chord. 

meta.  A  change,  after,  beyond,  next,  together,  (many  sen- 
ses.) Metahasis,  a  transition  or  change  of  place.  Meta- 
morphose, to  change  the  form. 

mytho.  A  fable.     .Mycologist,  a  writer  of  fables. 

miso,     )       From  Misos,    hatred.    Misogamist,     a  hater 
&  mis.    S   °f  marriage.       Mwanthropy,   hatred  of   man- 
kind. 

osteo.  A  bone.     Osteology,  a  description  of  bones. 

ortho.  Right  or  correct.  Orthology,  the  right  descrip- 
tion of  things. 

ornitho.  A  fowl.     Ornithology,  the  science  of  fowls. 

philo.  >       A  friend  or  lover.     Philosopher,  a  lover  of 

phil.    y   wisdom.     P/»7anthropist,  a  lover  of  mankind. 

peri.  Near,  under,  around  or  about.  Perigee,  nearest 
the  earth. 

para.  Against,  superior,  near,  similar,  together  with.  It 
has  various  senses.  Paradox,  against  or  contrary  to  re- 
ceived opinions. 

pan,  panto.  All.  Pantheon,  a  temple  dedicated  to  all 
the  gods.     Pantomime. 

pyro.  Fire  or  heat.  Pyrotechnic,  the  art  of  making 
^re-works. 

physico.  )       Nature,  pertaining  to  nature.    Physicologic, 

physio.  J  Logic  illustrated  by  Natural  Philosophy 
Physiologer. 

3 


26 

syn,  sy.    }       hi  common  with,  together  with,  to,  or  row- 

syl,  sym.  \  currence.  (Synthesis,  putting  two  or  more 
propositions  or  things  together.  SyZlable,  Sympathy,  suf- 
fering with,  or  having  correspondent  feelings  with  those 
afflicted. 

steno.  Brief,  short,  strait.  Stenographer,  one  who  writes 
short  hand. 

stereo.  Solid,  firm.  Stereotype,  fixed  or  solid  metal 
types. 

topo.  A  place,  tract,  or  region.  Topographer,  one  who 
describes  some  particular  place. 

theo.  God.  Theology,  the  science  of  God  or  divine 
things. 

typo.  A  mark,  letter  ox  figure.  Typographic,  pertaining 
to  printing. 

zoo.  An  animal  or  beast.  Zoography,  a  description  of 
anunals. 


SECTION  V. 

Explanation  of  the  Suffixes. 

Although  the  Suffixes  will  not  admit  of  as  precise  defi- 
nitions as  the  Prefixes,  still  they  can  be  classed  so  as  to  an- 
swer the  more  general  purposes  of  defining  words. 

A  Suffix  is  a  letter  or  letters,  a  syllable  or  syllables,  or 
whatever  is  appended  to  the  end  of  a  word,  to  add  force, 
vary  or  modify  its  signification. 

The  word  act,  means  something  done,  or  to  do  something. 
Now  add  or,  and  it  becomes  actor,  and  means  the  person 
who  does  something. 

Imprison,  means  to  confine  in  some  place.  Now  add 
ment,  and  it  becomes  imprisonment,  and  implies  the  act  of 
confining  in  some  place.  Such  terminations,  we  denom- 
inate Suffixes.  The  following  are  the  principal  in  our  lan- 
guage. We  will  now  endeavor  to  class  and  define  them, 
according  to  their  general  import. 

able,  ible,  ble.  These  communicate  a  potential  signi- 
fication to  the  word,  and  may  generally  be  defined  by  such 
expressions  as  the  following,  joined  to  the  primitive  import : 

That  may  be,  capable   of,  capable   of  being, fit  or  worthy 


27 

to  be.     (Sometimes)  pertaining   to,  the  capacity  of,  or  the 
state;  as 

Audible,  that  may  be  heard. 

Flexible,  that  may  be  bent. 

F&yable,  Foriable,  Legible 

Eligible,  Jit  or  worthy  to  be  chosen. 

ile.  Is  sometimes  defined   like  able,  and  sometimes  by, 
belonging  to,  pertaining  to,  or  easily ;  as 

Flexile,  that  may  be  bent,  or  easily  bent. 

PueriZe,  belonging  to  a  boy. 

Juveni/e,  pertaining  to  youth. 

ableness,  ibleness.  >       May  be  rendered,  the  property 

ability,  ibilitv.  $    or   quality   capable   of  being,  or 

that  may  be,  the  capacity  or  state  of,  or  the  property  or  qual- 
ity susceptible  of. 

Divisibility,  the  property  or  quality  capable  of  being  divi- 
ded. 

Compressibility,  the  quality  that  ;nay  fee  pressed  together, 
or  capable  of  being,  &c. 

Inrlammafe/ene.s-.s',  the  quality  susceptible  of  flame,  or  of 
taking  fire. 

Incurability,  the  state  of  being  incurable. 

Commensurableness,  the  capacity  of  being  compared. 

Accountability,  the  state  of  being  accountable. 

ance,  ancy.  )       Imply  the  existing  state  or  condition  ; 

ence,  ency.  $    (sometimes)  the  act  of,  the  result  of  an 
act,  or  the  thing  itself. 

Dependence  or  Dependency,  the  state  of  hanging-  down 
from  a  supporter. 

Emergence,  Emergency,  the  act  of  rising  out   of  or  the 
event  itself. 

Contrivance,  the  act  of  inventing  or  the  thing  invented. 

Compliance,   the    act    of    complying,    or  result   of    the 
act. 

ant,  ent.  Sometimes  mean  the  person  or  thing ;  as 

Defendant,  one  who  defends. 

President,  one  who  does,  or  has  presided  over. 

Solvent,  that  thing  which  produces  solution. 

ant  &  ent.  In  most  other  cases  are  defined  by  a  judi- 
cious use  of  ing ;  as 

Adherent,  sticking  to  ;  also  the  person  who. 


28 

Incumbent,  lying-  or  resting  on  ;  also  the  person. 

Refulgent,  shining-  or  casting-  a  light. 

ion,  tion,  ation.  )       Imply  the  act  of,  or  state  of  being. 

sion,  cation.  >  (Sometimes)  the  state,  condition,  re- 
sult, or  thing  itself ;  as 

Union,  the  act  of  joining,  or  the  state  of  being  joined. 

Persuasion,  the  act  of  persuading,  or  the  state  of  being 
persuaded. 

Abasement,  the  act  of  humbling,  or  the  state  of  being 
humbled. 

Fortification,  the  act  of  fortifying,  or  the  thing  itself,  when 
made  strong. 

Civilization,  the  act  of  civilizing,  or  the  state  of  being 
civilized. 

en,  ty.    >       Commonly  mean  to  make  or  made  of,  to  be- 

fit,  fic.  S   come,  or  to  produce. 

Soften,  made  soft,  or  softer. 

Silken,  made  of  silk. 

Stupe/y,  to  make  stupid. 

Ossi/y,  to  become  bone. 

Sudori/ic,  producing  sweat. 

ory,  tory,  sory.  Usually  imply  containing,  tending  to, 
belonging  to,  the  power  of,  the  nature  of  or  the  place. 

Mandatory,  containing  a  command. 

Inflammatory,  tending  to  inflammation. 

Compulsory,  having  the  power  of  compelling. 

Observatory,  the  place  of  making  observations. 

DefammaZory,  Explanatory. 

ity,  ty,  cy.  Generally  express  the  substantive  existence 
of  that  quality,  found  in  the  primitive,  and  may  be  defined 
by,  state,  condition,  or  thing  itself.  (Sometimes)  by  quality, 
ox  power  of. 

Divine,  is  a  quality  pertaining  to  divinity. 

Divinity,  is  the  state  of  being  divine,  or  deity. 

Moral,  is  a  quality  pertaining  to. 

Morality,  is  the  very  essence  of  that  quality,  or  the  thing 
itself     So  vital,  vitality. 

Ductile,  Ductility.  Sterile,  Sterility.  Carnal,  Car- 
nality. 

Efficacy,  the  poicer  of  effecting. 


29 

ER,  or,  an,  ian,  cian,  ast.  \      Imply  the  person  who,  in 

ess,  ress,  ee,  eer,  1st.       >  most  cases,  except  er,  in 

ite,  ine,  san,  zen,  ix.  )  adjectives  of  the  compara- 

tive degree,  and  occasionally  some   of  the  other  termina- 
tions. 

Baker,  Instructor,  Historical,  Christian 

Musician,  Enthusiast,  Poetew,  Instructress. 

Assignee,  Auctioneer,  Formalin,  Canaanite. 

Heroine,  Executrix,  Artisan,  Denizen. 

ar,  ary,  ard,  ive.      )      Occasionally  imply  a  person,  or 

ster,  ado,  ate,  oso.  £    thing ;  as  in 

Beggar,  Missionary,  Drunkard. 

Graduate,  Captive,  Teamster. 

Bravado,  Virtuoso. 

ar,  ary,  ic,  ical.  \      Most    commonly,    are     rendered 

ile,  ine,  tial.       >  pertaining    to,    relating    to,   or   like. 

cial,  ac,  al.  )   (Sometimes)  belonging  to  ;  as 

Consular,  pertaining  to  a  consul. 

Planetary,  pertaining  to  the  planets. 

Dramatic,  Metaphorical,  Juvenile. 

Feminine,  Demoniac,  Potential,  Commercial. 

al.  Sometimes  implies  the  act  of ;  as 

RefusaZ,  ReprisaZ,  Espousal,  Avowal. 

ive.  Means  having  a  tendency  to,  having  the  power  of. 
(Sometimes)  containing,  the  nature  of,  relating  to.  (Occa- 
sionally) that  may  be,  the  quality  of,  or  person ;  as 

Delusive,  having  a  tendency  to  deceive. 

Expansile,  having  the  power  to  expand. 

Exhortative,  containing  exhortation. 

Instinctive,  the  nature  of  instinct. 

Conversative,  relating  to  intercourse  with  men. 

Relaxative,  having  the  quality  of  relaxing. 

Executive,  the  person  ivho  executes  the  laws. 

ate.  When  an  adjective,  expresses  some  quality,  and  as 
such,  may  be  defined  having  the  quality  or  qualities  of;  ay 

Effeminate,  having  the  qualities  of  the  female  sex. 

It  is  the  termination  to  a  numerous  class  of  words,  and 
when  a  verb,  may  be  rendered  by  the  preposition  to,  or  to 
make.  The  word,  however,  with  this  Suffix,  generally  ex- 
presses its  own  appropriate  meaning  most  clearly. 

Accelerate,  to  hasten,  or  to  quicken  motion. 
3* 


30 

Alleviate,  to  lighten,  or  to  make  lighter. 

Abbreviate,  to  shorten,  or  to  make  shorter. 

age.  Signifies  the  rank,  office,  state,  condition,  allowance 
or  ability  to  give  or  receive  ;  as 

Peerage,  the  rank  of  a  Peer. 

Pupilage,  the  state  of  being  a  scholar. 

Parentage,  condition  as  respects  the  rank  of  a  parent. 

Postage,  Carriage  &c,  an  allowance. 

dom,  ric.  Imply  jurisdiction,  or  possession,  by  a  prince, 
or  bishop. 

ism.  Signifies  a  doctrine  or  the  principles  of ,  the  state,  that 
which  is  peculiar  to,  an  idiom  or  science. 

Protestantism,  the  principles  of  a  protestant. 

Naturalism,  the  mere  state  of  nature. 

Anglicism,  peculiar  to  the  English  idiom. 

ize.  Signifies  to  do,  to  perform,  to  make,  to  give,  or  to 
assimilate;  as 

Equalise,  to  make  equal. 

Legalise,  to  make  lawful. 

Tyramze,  to  act  the  Tyrant. 

Authorize,  to  give  authority. 

Brutalize,  to  make  brutal. 

ics.  Generally  implies  the  science,  doctrine  or  art  of, 
what  the  primitive  alludes  to  ;  as 

Acoustics,  the  science  of  sounds. 

Optics,  the  science  of  light  and  vision. 

ish.  Means  in  some  degree  like,  somewhat,  belonging  to, 
or  national ;  as 

Heathenis//,  in  some  degree  like  a  heathen. 

Greem'sA,  somewhat  green. 

Spanzs/i,  national,  or  belonging  to  Spain. 

less.  Shows  the  primitive  to  be  destitute  of  what  it  is 
capable  of  being,  and  may  be  rendered,  without,  or  destitute 
of;  as 

Hopeless,  without,  or  destitute  of  hope. 

House/ess,  Fear/ess,  Grace/ess,  Color/ess. 

ling,  kin,  cle,  ule.   Imply  little  or  young  ;  as 

Duckling  a  little  duck. 

"Witling,  a  little  wit. 

Lamb&m,  a  little  lamb. 

Vesicte,  a  little  bladder. 


31 

Yersicle  a  little  verse. 

Globule,  a  little  globe. 

SpheruZe,  a  little  sphere. 

ness.  Denotes  the  abstract  quality  of.  (Sometimes)  the 
simple  quality  or  state. 

Roundness,  is  an  abstract  quality,  without  reference  to 
any  particular  thing,  in  which  it  is  found. 

Whiteness,  Goodness,  Greatness,  Softness. 

Soundness,  is  the  state  of  being  sound,  (in  its  sense.) 

ous,  ceous.  Generally  mean,  partaking  of,  resembling 
or  like.     (Sometimes,) /«//  of,  or  consisting  of;  as 

Dangerous,  partaking  of  danger. 

Argillaceous,  consisting  of  argil. 

Perilous,  full  of  peril. 

Populous,^//  of  people. 

Bilious,  consisting  of  bile. 

Tumultuous,  Laborious. 

ous,  (after)  fer,  making  ferous.  Commonly  means,  pro- 
ducing or  causing ;  as      — 

Somni/erous,  producing  or  causing  sleep. 

Omni/erous,  producing,  all  kinds.     Pesti/erows. 

oid.  Signifies,  resembling,  or  in  the  form  of. 

Sphenoid,  resembling  a  wedge. 

Varioloid,  the  name  given  to  a  disease  resembling  small- 
pox. 

Typhoid,  Asteroid,  Spheroid,  Metalloid. 

some.  Has  various  significations  in  its  connexions,  but 
more  generally  means,  possessing  a  degree  of,  somewhat,  or 
full  of;  as 

Delightsome,  possessing  a  degree  of  delight. 

Troublesome,  Loathsome,  Gladsome. 

hood.  Means  state  or  condition.  (Sometimes)  office  or 
quality.  ~~ 

Manhood,  the  state  of  one  who  is  a  man. 

HardiAood,  the  quality  of  being  bold,  or  dauntless. 

Boy  hood,  the  state  of  a  boy. 

Priesthood,  the  office  of  a  priest. 

ship.  Denotes  office,  or  state,  district  or  territory. 

Professorship,  the  office  of  a  professor. 

Relations/tip,  the  state  of  being  related  to. 

Township,  the  district  of  a  town. 


32 

tude,  tjde.  Usually  convert  the  quality  of  the  adjective, 
into  a  substantive  form,  and  may  be  rendered  the  state  or 
state  of  being  ;  as 

Amplitude,  the  state  or  extent  of  capacity,  from  ample. 

ward.  Means  in  a  direction,  indicated  by  the  primitive. 

Northward,  Eastward,  Upward,  Downward,  Homeward. 

ful,  ose.  Denote  full  of  full  or  abundance,  as 

Play ful,  full  of  play. 

Verbose,  full  of  words. 

Operose,  full  of  labor. 

"Needful,  Careful,  Hopeful. 

ly.   Means  like,  in  a  manner,  or  resembling. 

ManZy,  like  a  man. 

Courageously,  in  a  courageous  manner. 

ly,  when  united  to  a  primitive,  as  in  manly,  usually  im- 
plies like  ;  when  it  follows  a  Suffix,  it  expresses  the  manner, 
as  in  courageously. 

URE.  Commonly  denotes  the  act,  state,  or  thing.  (Some- 
times,) the  power,  or  art  of. 

Composure,  the  act  of  composing,  or  the  state  of  being 
composed. 

Architecture,  the  art  of  building. 

ery,  ry,  y.   Seem  to  imply  an  art  or  practice ;  as 

Witchery,  Quackery,  Cookery,  Heraldry,  Husbandry, 
Sophistry.  A  place  where  something  is  done  or  kept ;  as 
Butchery,  Fishery,  Factory,  Brewery,  Armory,  Nunnery. 
A  state ;  as  Beggar?/,  Slavery,  or  the  possession  of  some- 
thing, as  Wealthy,  Sandy,  Shady. 

ed.  Is  a  verbal  and  participial  termination,  implying  past 
time  of  action.  It  expresses  its  own  meaning,  yet  may 
sometimes  be  made  more  explicit  by  adding,  was  or  did,  to 
the  past  tense  of  the  verb  ;  as 

I   Walked,  meaning  I  did  walk. 

ing.  Is  a  participial  termination  implying  a  time  of  pro- 
gressive action,  and  may  be  rendered  with  direct  reference 
to  that  time,  continuing  to. 

ing,  is  frequently  used  to  express  some  article  or 
thing  :  as. 

Clothmo',  Shipping. 

It  must  be  remembered,  that  the  foregoing  definitions  to 
the  Suffixes,  cannot  be  expected  precisely  to  meet  every 


33 

case  in  the  language  ;  but  from  careful  examination  of  some 
thousands  of  words,  it  is  believed  they  will  answer  all  the 
common  purposes  of  defining  ;  and  generally,  enable  the 
pupil,  clearly  to  perceive  the  several  modifications  of  im- 
port, produced  by  their  combinations  with  the  primitive 
word. 


SECTION  VI. 

Alphabetical  Synopsis  of  all  the  Prefixes,  or  words  used  as 
such,  varying  the  import  of  more  than  twenty  thousand 
words. 


a  ab  abs. 

Separating,  departure,  taking    from, 

ad  a  ac  af  ag  al  ) 
an  ap  ar  as  at.    $ 

privation. 
To,  (implying  some  addition.) 

ambi. 

Both,  twofold,  doubtful. 

amb  am  amphi. 

About,  around. 

ante. 

Before. 

ant  anti. 

Against,  opposition.        (Sometimes) 
before. 

all. 

Most,  wholly,  in  the  highest  degree. 

after. 

Behind,  later. 

(As  a  Greek  privative,)  taking  away. 

a. 

(For  ad)  to. 

ana. 

Back,  again,  up,  through. 

astro. 

A  star. 

auto. 

One's  self. 

apo  aph. 

From,  away  from. 

be. 

Nearness,  about,  to  make,  on  or  at. 

bene. 

Good,  well. 

bi  bis. 

Two. 

bio. 

Life. 

biblio. 

A  book. 

chrono. 

Time. 

choro. 

A  particular  place. 

chiro. 

The  hand. 

cosmo. 

The  world. 

centu,  centi,  cent. 

A  hundred. 

contra. 

Against,  opposition. 

34 


co  com  cog,  ) 
con  col  cor.  $ 
circum. 

counter. 


de. 

di  dis  dif. 

deca. 

dia. 

dys. 

epi. 

entomo. 

e  ex  ef  ec. 


eu. 

equi. 

extra. 

fore. 

for. 

geo. 

genea. 

homo. 

hetero. 

hepta. 
helio. 
hexa  hex. 
hydro, 
hyper. 

high. 

inter. 

im  in  ig  ) 
ilir         $ 

intro. 
infra, 
ichthyo. 


With,  joined  with,  in  connection 
with,  together. 

Around,  about. 

(For  contra)  opposite,  against,  cor- 
responding or  addition. 

From,  down,  separating  from,  or  a 
negative  sense. 

Separation,  disunion,  two,  out,  not. 

Ten. 

Through. 

Bad,  ill,  difficult. 

In,  or  on. 

An  insect. 

(For  ex)  out,  out  of,  beyond,  from. 

In,  or  to  make,  (adding  strength  of 
meaning.) 

Good,  well,  praise. 

Equal. 

Beyond,  more  than,  excess. 

Priority,  or  before. 

Against,  away,  aside. 

The  earth. 

Lineage,  or  descent. 

Of  the  same  nature,  kind  or  quali- 
ties. 

Of  another  nature  or  kind,  discord- 
ant qualities. 

Seven. 

The  Sun. 

Six. 

Water. 

Over,  excess. 

Elevated,  more  than  is  common,  or 
high  (in  some  sense.) 

Among,  between. 

Not,  (with  an  adjective,)  in,  into, 
on,  (with  a  verb,  adding  intensity 
of  meaning.) 

Within,  into,  nearness. 

Below,  under,  underneath. 

A  fish. 


35 


juris. 

Legal,  by  lawful  right. 

juxta. 

Near,  near  by,  next. 

lexico. 

A  dictionary. 

litho. 

A  stone. 

mono. 

One,  alone. 

miso  mis. 

Hatred  (gr.  miseo  or  misos.) 

mytho. 

A  fable. 

meta. 

A  change,  after,  beyond,  according  to 

mis. 

Wrong  use,  misapplication,  error,  er 

roneous.  (From  miss  to  err.) 

male  mal. 

Evil,  bad. 

multi. 

Many. 

manu. 

A  hand. 

non  ne  un. 

Not,  undoing,  depriving. 

noct. 

Night. 

ob  oc  of  op. 

In  front,  before,  against,  towards,  in 
or  on,  in  the  way,  out. 

over. 

Above,  beyond,  excess. 

out. 

Beyond,  to  exceed. 

omni. 

All. 

octo  octa  oct. 

Eight. 

osteo. 

A  bone. 

ortho. 

Right  or  correct. 

ornitho. 

A  fowl,  or  bird. 

philo  phil. 

A  friend  or  lover. 

peri. 

Near,  under,  around. 

para. 

Against,  superior,  near,  similar. 

pan  panto. 

All. 

pyro. 

Fire  or  heat. 

physico  physio. 

Nature,  pertaining  to  nature. 

pleni. 

Full. 

penta. 

Five. 

preter. 

Beyond,  past,  hence,  beside,  more. 

post. 

After. 

poly. 

Many. 

pro. 

Fore,  forth,  forward,  out. 

Through,  by,  very,  (more  intensity,) 

per. 

passing    through    or   over    the 

whole. 

pre. 

Before,  (in  time  or  rank.) 

quad. 

Four. 

36 


re. 
retro. 

Again,  repetition,  back,  return. 
Back,  backward. 

sub  sue  suf 

sue) 

Under,  below,  after,  in  a  subordinate 

sup  subter  sus.   $ 
semi  heini  demi. 

degree. 
One  half. 

se. 

super  supra 

self. 

sex. 

sur. 

Separation,  aside,  apart. 

Beyond,  above,  upon,  over  and  above. 

By  the  person  or  thing  alone. 

Six. 

soli. 

One,  alone. 

sine. 

Without. 

sym  syn  syl 
steno. 

sy. 

In  connexion  with,  together  with,  to. 
Brief,  strait,  short. 

stereo. 

Solid,  firm. 

theo. 

God. 

topo. 
typo. 

trans  ultra, 
tri. 

A  place,  tract,  or  region. 
A  mark,  letter  or  figure. 
Across,  beyond,  over,  a  change. 
Three. 

tetra. 

Four. 

uni. 

One. 

under. 

Beneath,  inferior,  subordinate. 

with. 

Opposition,  privation,  separation,  de- 

zoo. 

parture,  place  where. 
An  animal  or  beast. 

Let 

Give  the  meaning 
prefixes  and  define  it 

im  omni  pleni. 
circum  inter  ad. 
cent  sept  dec       } 
per  tri  sex  oct.  $ 
circum  col  sub. 

com  e  re  trans. 


re  com  pro. 
circum  subter 
super  inter  con 
male  bene 


.} 


this  be  often  repeated. 

of  the   primitive  alone,  then  join  its 

Potent,  having  power. 
Jacent,  lying. 

Bi,ennial,  once  in  two  years. 

Ligation,  the  act  of  binding. 
Migrate,  removing  from  one  country 

to  another. 
Ex,pel,  to  drive  out. 

Fluent,  a  flowing. 

Factor,  an  agent  or  doer. 


37 


mono  poly  > 
pan  tri  a.    $ 
circum  super  sub. 
inter  dis  con. 
circum  abs  re  ex. 
sub  ab  de  e    } 
in  re  pro  con.  \ 
geo  auto  bio  ) 
cosmo  biblio.  $ 
astro  hydro 
chrono  zoo. 

dis  en  un. 
col e  re. 
dis  pre.  re. 
re  en  dis. 
mis  ad  pre. 
ante  post  mis. 
preter  il. 
counter  mal. 
helio  geo  ec. 
in  mis. 
im  preter. 
con  ad. 
in  over, 
con  dis. 
af  pre  post, 
ultra  sub  trans, 
ad  con  dis  re. 
mis  pre  re. 
ante  post, 
multi  equi  In 
tri  uni  mal. 
dis  tri  poly  mono. 
de  be  counter, 
pre  self  mis. 
en  disen. 
hemi  semi  dcmi. 
co  under, 
re  dis. 


Theist,  one  who  believes  there  is  a 

God. 
Inscribe,  to  write  in  or  on. 
Seminate,  to  sow. 
In,cision,  a  cutting  into. 

Adject,  to  cast  at. 

Graphic,  writing  of,  or  describing- 
Logical,  art  of  reasoning,  speaking 
of,  or  treating  of  any  subject. 

Able. 

Lapse. 

Possess. 

Close. 

Judge. 

Date. 

Legal. 

Practice. 

Centric. 

Correct. 

Perfect. 

Vocation. 

Elegant. 

Ac,  cord. 

Fix. 

Marine. 

Join. 

Engage. 

Meridian. 

Form. 

Syllable. 

Charm. 

Opinion. 

Tangle. 

Sphere. 

Agent. 

Embark. 


38 


SECTION  VII. 

Synopsis   of   Suffixes  modifying   the  signification   ef  more 
than  fifty  thousand  words. 

The  most  common  definition  is  given,  while  reference 
may  be  had  to  the  others,  as  occasion  shall  require. 

That  may  be,  capable  of  being,  state. 
The  property,  or  quality  that  may  be, 

or  capable  of  being.     Capacity 

or  state. 
The  state,  condition,  or  act  of,  the 

thing. 
(The  judicious  use  of)  ing,  or  the 

person,  or  thing. 
The  act  of,  or  state  of  being,  the 

thing. 
Having  the  quality  of,  to,  or  to  make 
The  rank,  office,  state,  allowance. 
To  make,  made  of,  to  become. 

The  person  who,  (with  some  excep- 
tions.) 

(Occasionally,)  the  person,  or  thing. 

(Generally)  pertaining  to,  relating  to, 
belonging  to,  like. 

State,  condition,  office. 

That  may  be,  pertaining  to,  easily. 

State,  or  condition,  the  reality. 

Having  a  tendency  to,  the  power  or 
nature  of. 

Doctrine,  state,  peculiar  to,  science. 

To  make,  to  give,  to  assimilate. 

The  science,  doctrine,  art. 

Some  degree  like,  somewhat,  na- 
tional. 

Without  or  destitute  of. 


able  ible  ble. 

ableness  ibleness 
ability  ibility. 

ance  ancy  } 
ence  ency.  $ 

ant  ent. 

ation  cation  ion 

tion  sion  ment. 

ate. 

age. 

en  fy  fit  fie. 

er  or  an  ian  ix 

cian  ast  ess  ress 

ee  eer  ist  ite  ine 

san  zen. 

ar  ary  ard  ate      } 

ive  ster  ado  oso.  S 

ar  ary  ic  al 

ical  ile  ine  ac 

tial  cial. 

hood. 

ile. 

ity  ty  cy. 

ive. 

ism. 
ize. 
ics. 
ish. 

less. 


39 


Ke"   \  A  little'  >'0unS- 

i  Like  in  a  manner,  in  a  (speak  the 

*'  word)  manner, 

ful  ose.  Full  of,  full,  abundance. 

The  abstract  quality  of,  the  quality 

of,  state. 
ous  Partaking  of,  full  of,  like,  consisting 

of. 
Producing,  causing. 
Resembling,  the  form  of. 
Containing,   tending    to,   nature   of, 

place. 
Jurisdiction  or  possession  (of  prince 

or  bishop.) 
Office,  state,  district. 
State  of  being,  state  of,  capacity. 
In   a    direction,    (indicated   by   the 

primitive.) 
The  act,  art,  state,  or  thing. 
Art  or  practice,  place,  state,  posses- 
sion, or  thing. 
Possessing  a  degree  of,  somewhat, 

full  of. 
Did,  was. 
Continuing  (with  reference  to  time 

when.) 

Give  the  meaning  of  the  primitive  alone,  then  with  the 
prefix  and  suffix  joined. 

Destine,  to  ordain,  or  decree, 
pre.  Destin  ation  ed. 

Numerate,  to  number, 
in.  Numera  ble  bly. 

Navigate,  to  sail, 
circum.  Naviga  ble  tion. 

Manage,  to  direct, 
mis.  Manage  ment. 

un.  Manag  able  ably. 

Retrieve,  to  regain, 
ir.  Retriev  ableness  ably. 


ferous. 
oid. 

ory  tory  sory. 

ric  dom. 

ship, 
tude  ude. 

ward. 

ure. 

ery  ry  y. 

some. 

ed. 

ing. 


40 


Separate,  to  divide. 

In. 

Separa  bly  bleness. 

in. 

Separa  bility. 

Prompt,  ready. 

over. 

Prompt  ness. 

Assess,  to  fix  a  tax. 

CO. 

Assess  or. 

Plot,  to  contrive  a  plan. 

com, 

Plot  ment  ter. 

Guide,  to  direct. 

mis. 

Guid  ance  ing. 

Fertile,  fruitful. 

in. 

Fertil  ity. 

Grace,  favor,  beauty,  virtue. 

dis. 

Grace  ful,  ness. 

Reside,  to  dwell  permanently. 

non„ 

Resid  ent  ence. 

Camp,  to  fix  tents. 

de. 

Camp  ment. 

Bold,  daring,  brave. 

em. 

Bold  en,  ed. 

Scar,  a  mark,  blemish. 

re. 

Scari  fy. 

Dense,  thick,  compact. 

con. 

Dens  ity  ation. 

Lacerate,  to  tear  or  rend. 

il 

Lacerat  ed  ion. 

Sign,  to  write  or  sign. 

as. 

Sign  ee- or  ment. 

Line,  a  long  mark. 

inter. 

Line  ation  ed. 

Republican. 

anti. 

Republican  ism. 

Liberal,  free,  generous. 

il. 

Liberal  ly  ity. 

Intimate,  to  be  familiar. 

pre. 

Intima  cy  tion. 

Press,  to  squeeze. 

ex. 

Press  ure  ible. 

Inspect,  to  look  on  or  view. 

super. 

Inspect  ion. 

41 

Peer,  a  nobleman, 
com.  Peer  age. 

Fuse,  to  melt, 
in.  Fus  ible  ibility. 

Delicate,  fine,  fair,  nice, 
in.  Delica  cy. 

Describe,  to  represent, 
in.  Descript  ive. 

Grand,  noble,  great, 
ag-  Grand  ize,  ment. 

Melody,  succession  of  agreeable  sounds, 
im.  Melodi  ous,  ly. 

Drama,  a  tragedy,  or  comedy, 
un.  Dramat  ic. 

Compel,  to  drive  by  force, 
non.  Compuls  ory. 

Sphere,  a  globe, 
semi.  Spher  ic,  al. 

Partner,  one  in  company, 
co.  Partner  ship. 

Conform,  to  agree  with, 
non.  Conform  ist  ity. 


SECTION  VIII. 

Classification  of  Suffixes. 

The  Suffixes  appear  to  combine  in  groups  of  a  similar 
kind,  and  follow  each  other,  in  most  cases,  with  some  good 
degree  of  uniformity  ;  and  at  the  same  time,  present  two 
important  facts  ;  viz.  the  regular  formation  of  most  of  our 
derivative  words,  and  the  entire  uniformity  in  the  orthogra- 
phy of  an  immense  number  of  their  suffixes. 

The  most  common  definition  is  given  to  the  suffix,  when 
standing  singly  with  its  primitive,  and  when  found  in  its 
different  combinaiions  with  other  suffixes.     Thus  : 

fill.  Full  of,  abundance, 

fully.  In  a  manner  full  of,  or  in  a — manner, 

fullness.  The  quality  of  being  full  of,  or  state. 

less.  Without,  or  destitute. 

4» 


42 


lessly- 

lessness, 

ish. 
ishly. 

ishness. 

ous. 

ously. 

ousness. 

ive. 

ively, 

iveness. 

some. 

somely. 

someness. 

Jy. 

liness. 
able  ible, 

ableness  ibleness  > 
ability  ibility.         $ 

ably  ibly. 

ize. 
ized- 

izing. 

izalion- 
ate. 
ated, 
ating. 

ative. 

atory. 
ation. 


In  a  manner  without,  or  in  a- — -man- 
ner. 
The    quality  of    being  without,  or 

state. 
In  some  degree  like,  somewhat. 
In  a  manner  some  degree  like,  or  in 

a- manner. 

The  quality  in  some  degree  like. 
Partaking  of,  like,  full  of. 
In  a  manner  partaking  of,  or  like. 
The  quality  of,  partaking  of,  or  state. 
Having  a  tendency  to,  containing,  the 

nature  of. 
In  a  manner  tending  to,  or  partaking 

of,  or  in  a manner. 

The  quality  tending  to,  or  partaking 

of. 
Possessing  a  degree  of,  somewhat. 
In  a  manner  possessing  a  degree  of, 

or  in  a manner. 

The  quality  possessing  a  degree  of, 

or  state. 
Like. 

The  quality  like,  or  of  being. 
That  may  be,  or  state. 
The  quality  or  property  that  may  be, 

capacity  or  state. 
In  a  manner  that  may  be,  or  in  a 

manner. 
To  make,  to  assimilate. 
Was  or  did.     (Speak  the  Word.) 
Continuing  to.  (Referring  to  the  time 

when.) 
The  act  of,  or  state  of  being. 
To,  to  make. 
Did,  or  was. 
Continuing  to. 
Having  a  tendency  to,  or  the  power 

of. 
Containing,  the  nature  of,  place. 
The  act  of,  or  thing. 


43 


able. 

en. 

ened. 

ed. 

edly. 

edness. 

fy- 
fied. 
fier. 
lying. 

fication. 

ficative. 

ficator. 

ficatory. 

ical  ic. 

icism. 

ically. 

ent. 

ently. 

ance 


:\ 


ancy. ) 
ency.  J 
al. 

alist. 
alism. 


That  may  be. 

To  make. 

Was  made. 

Did. 

In  a  (repeat  the  word)  manner. 

The  quality  of  being,  or  the  state. 

To  make. 

Did  or  was. 

The  person  who. 

Continuing  to. 

The  act  of,  state  or  thing. 

Tending  to. 

The  person  who. 

Tending  to,  the  nature  of. 

Pertaining  to,  relating  to. 

The  principles,  state,  peculiar  to. 

In  a  manner  pertaining  to,  &c. 

(Use)  ing,  (with  the  defining  word.) 

In  a manner. 

State,  condition,  act  of,  or  thing. 

State,  condition. 

Pertaining  to. 
The  person  who. 
The  principles,  &c. 


SECTION  IX. 
General  Rules  for  forming  derivative  words. 

1 .  When  the  primitive  word  ends  with  the  vowel  e,  drop 
that  vowel  before  every  Suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel,  ex- 
cept ous.  Sometimes  ment  is  an  exception  as  in  judgment, 
e  being  dropped. 

2.  When  the  letter  y  terminates  a  primitive,  or  occurs  in 
any  of  the  derivative  forms,  and  in  either  case,  other  suf- 
fixes are  added,  y  is  commonly  changed  into  e  or  i",  except 
before  ing;  as 

Comely,  Comeliness  ;  Duty,  Duteous. 


44 

N.  B.  Betray,  and  Buy,  with  a  few  other  words,  are 
exceptions. 

3.  When  any  part  is  cut  off  from  the  end  of  a  word  by 
an  inverted  comma,  each  suffix  which  is  preceded  by  a 
similar  inverted  comma,  must  take  the  place  of  that  part 
cut  off;  but  no  others  may;  as 

Legible  (bly  (bility  ness. 
Now  JJy,  is  to  take  the  place  of  Jble,  and  forms  Legibly ; 
and  fiility,  taking  the  same  place,  forms  Legibility ;  but 
ness  not  being  preceded  by  the  inverted  comma,  is  added  to 
Jble,  and  forms  Legihieness. 

4.  Each  suffix  has  a  separate  union  with  its  primitive 
word  in  all  cases,  unless  a  single  comma  intervenes,  in 
which  case,  each  subsequent  suffix,  as  long  as  that  comma 
is  repeated,  is  united  with  the  first  of  those  two  suffixes 
where  the  single  comma  commenced. 

In  like  manner  if  two  or  three  commas  are  used  togeth- 
er, they  join  additional  suffixes  on  the  same  principles. 

Take  two  examples,  and  mark  the  application  of  the 
commas. 

Argue  ed  er  ing  ment,  al,  able,  ation,  ative,,  ly.  Com- 
bined thus  : 

Argue.  Argument,al  one  comma,  Rule  4. 

Argued,  Rule  1.  Argument,able. 

Arguer.  Ax  gurnet, ation. 

Arguing  Argument, ative. 

Argument,  excep.  Rulel.  Argument, ative „ly  two   commas. 

Injure  ed  er  ing  y,  ous,.  ly„  ness.     Combined. 
Injure.  Injury. 

\u\ured.  \u')uri,ous,  one  comma,  and  y  changed  to  i. 

Injurer.  \r\]uri,ous„ly. 

Injuring.  Injurious,, ness. 

5.  There  are  a  few  words,  generally  monosyllables, 
ending  with  a  single  consonant,  before  a  single  vowel, 
which  double  the  final  consonant  in  forming  their  deriva- 
tives. Thus  Abet,  makes  abetted,  abettor,  abetting,  except 
abetment  So  clip,  clipped,  entrap  entrapped.  Fret,  fret- 
ted.     Plan,  planned 

6.  When  t  or  s  precedes  e  final,  in  such  words  as  admit 
tion  or  sion,  e  is  dropped  and  the  suffix  is  ion ;  as 

Legate  Legation,  Expanse  Expansion. 


45 

7.  Most  words  ending  in  fy,  which  is  a  contraction  of 
facio  or  fio,  after  changing  y  into  i,  take  cation  ;  as 

Dei/y  Deification,  Gratify,  Gratification. 
Except  Stupefy,  with  few  others  which  makes  Stupe/ac- 
tion. 

8.  Many  words  of  Latin  origin  in  ate,  drop  te,  before 
ble;  as 

Estimate  Estimao/e,  Agitate  AgitaoZc. 
The  same  class  of  words  not  admitting  ble,  take  cy,  in 
its  place ;  as 

Accurate  Accuracy,  Adequate  Adequacy. 
cy,  is  common  to  words  in  ance  and  ence,  by  dropping  e 
final,  and  adding  y. 

9.  Words  which  take  ize,  as  a  suffix,  commonly  add 
ation  ;  as 

Civil,  Civih>e,  Civilization. 
Some  others  take  ation,  without  ize ;  as 

Sense  Sensation,  Exalt  Exaltation. 


SECTION  X. 

A  brief  examination  as  to  the  regular  formation  of  derivative 
words  in  general. 

Manage  ed  er  ing  ment  able,  ness.    Rule 

1,&  4. 
ZTVimanage  ed  able. 
Mismanage  ed  er  ing  ment. 
Navigate  ed  or  ing  ion  ble.     Rule  6,  &  8. 
Renavigate  ed  ing. 
Circumnavigate  or  ion  ble. 
Assign    or   ee  ed  ing  ment   able  ation. 

Rule  9. 
Accord  ed  er  ant  ance  able  ing,ly. 
Modify  ed  er  ing  able  cation.     Rule  7. 
Affirm  ed  er  ing  able  ably  ant  ance  ation 

ative,ly. 
In  this  manner,  a  very  numerous  class  of  our  primitive 
words,  form  their  derivatives  from  a  single  root.   The  word 


46 

Press,  in  connexion  with  its  prefixes,  has  no  less  than 
eighty-three  derivatives  of  the  same  regular  formation. 

But  there  is  another  class  of  words,  apparently  in  view 
of  the  English  Scholar,  either  arbitrary  or  irregular  in  their 
terminations,  which  are  nevertheless  equally  systematic, 
though  not  equally  simple  in  the  formation  of  their  deriva- 
tives. Such  are  more  especially  of  Lat.  origin,  and  the  ap- 
parent irregularity,  arises  from  a  formation  growing  out  of 
a  different  branch  of  the  same  root.  And  though  the  En- 
glish Scholar  may  not  exactly  comprehend  the  whole  pro- 
cess, yet  his  mind  will  in  part  be  relieved  from  the  embar- 
rassment. Take  for  example  Adhesive.  He  will  not 
doubt  it  is  derived  from  Adhere,  whence  is,  ent  ence  ency 
er.  These  are  regular.  Now  the  Lat.  Adhereo  makes  its 
supine  Adhesum,  whence  according  to  Sec.  3,  is  tion  or 
sion  as  the  supine  is  turn  or  sum.  Hence  from  this  branch 
of  the  same  original  root,  Adhesum  forms  Adhes  ion,  Ad- 
hesive, Adhesively,  Adhesiveness ;  as  regularly  as  the  first 
formations  are.  Accede,  is  of  the  same  order  and  forms 
accede  ed  ing.  Then  from  Accessum,  sec.  3.  comes  Ac- 
cession, and  forms  Accession  al  cary,ness  tory,ness,al,ly  ; 
all  regular  formations.     Rule  3. 

Intelligence,  Intellect  and  Intellectualist,  are  of  the  same 
order.  From  the  Latin  participle,  Intelligens,  comes  Intel- 
ligence er  ed  ing  4ent  4ible,ness  tibility  ,ibly.     Rule  3. 

Now  from  the  Latin  perfect  participle  Intellectus,  comes 
Intellect,  whence  Intellectjon  4ive.  Next  the  Latin  supine 
Intellectu,  whence  is  derived  Intellectual  ist  ity  ly. 

In  such  words  as  explain,  expect,  fatigue,  &c,  we  arrive 
at  a,  in  expectation,  explanation,  fatigaJzon,  &c,  through 
the  medium  of  the  Latin  participles,  explanatus,  expectatus, 
and  fatigatus ;  but  in  some  other  words  such  as  grade,  a 
comes  direct  through  the  medium  of  the  noun  gradatio. 
Gradus  forms  gradu,  whence  we  derive  gradual  ity  ly  ate, 
ed,  ing,  ion,  or. 

Words  of  Lat.  origin  in  ble,  seem,  either  from  accident  or 
otherwise,  to  have  the  simple  addition  of  ble  to  the  Imp. 
Mode,  first.  Conj.  second  person  singular,  as  Naviga  ble, 
Numera  ble,  Demonstrao/e,  Predica  ble,  Administra  ble,  &c. 
and  in  general  the  spelling  able  or  ible  is  governed  by  the 
Lat.  conjugations.     The  first  makes  able  or  ble  all  the  oth- 


47 

ers  ible ;  as  InterminaWe,  Impregnate,  Legible,  Audible, 
Sensible. 

Method,  Metaphor,  Meteor  and  the  like,  are  regular  for- 
mations ;  as  Method  ism  ize  ic,al„ly  ist,ic„al ;  except  when 
a  primitive  taking  ize,  ends  with  a  vowel,  t  is  added  ;  as 
Stigmatize  Dogma, tize. 

Form,  makes  form  al,ism,ist,ity,ize,ly  ed  er  ing  ful  less  ; 
and  formatio,  makes  formation  ,tivc. 

The  suffixes  ous,  ness,  less,  ful,  ish,  ism,  age,  en,  ure,  can 
hardly  be  mistaken,  as  Glory,  Gloriows.  Good,  Goodness. 
Life,  Lifeless.  Play,  Playful.  Sweet,  Sweetish.  Tory, 
Toryism.  Parent,  Parentage.  Soft,  Soften.  Fail,  Failure. 
In  some  cases  urc  is  less  obvious  as  'Tenure  from  Teneo. 

In  this  work,  the  root  and  each  branch  whence  all  the 
derivatives  arise,  will  be  given,  so  far  as  the  Latin  is  con- 
cerned. So  that  each  primitive  word  may  be  carried  out 
through  all  its  derivative  forms,  or  traced  back  to  its  simple 
root,  and  discover  how  the  primitive  signification  has  been 
expanded  into  such  a  variety  of  figurative  applications. 

On  examination  of  something  like  seven  hundred  and 
thirty  words,  whose  suffixes  are  carried  out  in  this  book, 
giving  at  least  ten  thousand  derivatives,  the  regularity  of  for- 
mation will  be  still  more  obvious. 

This  fact  also,  if  duly  regarded  by  teachers,  will  enable 
them  to  perfect  their  pupils  in  the  correct  orthography  of 
derivative  words,  with  far  greater  facility,  and  a  far  less 
tax  on  memory.  To  accomplish  this,  it  is  only  necessary 
to  learn  distinctly,  the  true  spelling  of  the  several 
suffixes  in  their  separate  state,  which  may  be  done, 
almost  at  a  single  lesson.  The  spelling  of  the  simple 
primitive  can  hardly  be  missed  ;  to  which  the  joining  of 
the  several  suffixes,  completes  the  derivative  word  under 
most  of  its  forms.  It  is  true,  there  are  many  exceptions  ; 
but  it  is  equally  true  there  are  not  less  than  thirty 
thousand  words,  whose  spelling,  as  to  their  suffixes  is 
the  same,  letter  for  letter. 


48 


SECTIOX  XI. 


Special  Rules  for   the   Prefixes,  which  must  be  distinctly 
understood,  both  by  the  Teacher  and  the  Student. 

Many  words,  so  far  as  respects  the  English  Language, 
are  primitives  ;  yet  in  that  language  from  which  they  are 
derived,  they  are  either  compound,  or  derivative  words. 
Such  especially  are  words  of  Greek  and  Latin  origin.  For 
example,  Abscond,  so  far  as  our  language  alone  is  concern- 
ed, is  a  primitive  word,  because  we  have  no  such  English 
word  as  scond.  But  in  the  Latin,  from  which  it  is  derived, 
the  word  is  a  compound,  from  the  preposition  abs,  con 
Sf  do.  Also  Advert,  in  English,  is  primitive,  but,  in  Latin 
from  which  it  is  derived,  it  is  compounded  of  ad,  meaning 
to,  and  Verto,  to  turn.  Hence  Advert  signifies  to  turn  to. 
Suppose  the  word  to  stand  thus  :  a  re  Ad,vert.  Now  take 
away  ad,  and  substitute  a,  which  is  another  Latin  preposi- 
tion, and  it  becomes  A,vert,  and  literally  means  to  turn  away. 
Again  drop  a,  and  substitute  re,  in  its  place,  and  it  becomes 
Re,vert,  signifying  to  turn  back.  Hence  it  must  not  be  for- 
gotten by  the  student,  that  in  all  cases,  when  one  prefix  is  to 
be  dropped,  and  another  substituted  in  its  place,  the  primi- 
tive word  will  be  printed  thus  Con.vert,  Ac,cord,  Ex,clude, 
De,flect  ;  and  that  part  of  the  word  which  precedes  the 
comma,  must  be  dropped,  when  another  prefix  is  to  be  used. 

Example. 

at  dis  de  re  pro.         Contract,  to  draw  together. 

Now  drop  con,  and  substitute  pro,  and  it  becomes  Pro- 
tract, to  draw  out.  Again  drop  pro,  and  substitute  re,  and 
it  forms  .Retract,  to  draw  back.  In  the  same  manner  de, 
forms  Detract,  to  draw  away  from.  Also  dis,  makes  De- 
tract, to  draw  apart,  or  separate ;  and  at,  forms  Attract,  to 
draw  to,  or  unite. 

When  no  part  of  the  primitive  word  is  separated  by  a 
comma,  the  combination  is  simply  to  drop  one  prefix,  and 
join  another,  according  to  the  following : 

Example. 
ad  pre  mis  fore  re.       Judge. 


49 

Now  re,  combined,  makes  i?ejudge,  and  each  prefix  in  its 
turn,  forms  the  words  /orejudge,  misjudge,  prejudge  and 
adjudge. 

As  many  of  the  prefixes  combine  with  each  other  the 
following  examples   will  show  the  manner  of   combining 
them  in  this  work.     Take  Inspect, 
un      un 

a    circum  de 

un 


re  super 


mtro  per  pro  su 
dis  ir  un 


In,spect,  to  look  on  or  view. 


retro  re. 

Explained  thus.  Each  prefix  under  the  horizontal  line, 
or  standing  alone,  unites  with  the  primitive  word,  in  the 
same  manner  as  in  Contract  and  Judge  ;  but  the  prefix  or 
prefixes  above  the  horizontal  line,  unite  with  the  prefix  un- 
der the  line,  while  that  prefix  remains  united  to  the  primi- 
tive. Thus,  Super  and  re  standing  above  the  line  in  con- 
nexion with  In,  combine  with  it,  and  form  Superinspect, 
and  reinspect.  de  standing  alone  takes  the  place  of  In, 
and  forms  despection.  circum,  under  the  line  makes  cir- 
cumspect, and  un  over  the  line,  forms  wncircwmspect.        In 

un 
the  same  manner      a       make     aspect     and    unaspective. 
un 

su  ,  form  suspect   and  unsuspecting.       pro,  per,  intro,  and 

dis  ir  un 

retro,  being  alone  combine  as  in  contract,  while  re 

make   respect,    disrespect,  irrespective,    and    wnrespected. 

Take  another  example, 
fore  un  pre 

ad  pre.  Monition.  These  make  premonition  and 
admonition,  then  fore,  un,  and  pre,  above  the  line  over  ad, 
form,  /ore-admonition,  pre-admonition,  and  wiadmonished. 
If  these  directions  are  distinctly  understood,  and  duly  ob- 
served, there  can  be  no  mistake  in  the  epplication  of  the 
prefixes.  Every  thing  depends  on  the  utmost  precision  in 
this  particular.  On  this  point,  the  Teacher  must  be  scru- 
oulously  exact,  and  the  student  as  scrupulously  attentive. — 

5 


50 

Another  point  to  be  observed  in  the  prefixes,  is  their  influ- 
ence on  the  primitive  word.  The  most  of  them  are  uniform 
in  their  distinctive  character  of  import,  while  a  few,  are 
used  in  two  or  more  senses,  widely  different.  Such  are 
im,  in,  il,  ir,  &c. 

These  prefixes,  more  generally,  when  united  to  verbs,  in- 
crease, or  strengthen  the  original  meaning  of  the  primitive 
words,  as  Im  press,  In  fold,  II  luminate  Ir  radiate.  In 
each  case,  additional  force  is  given  to  press,  fold,  luminate, 
and  radiate,  by  prefixing  im  in  il  and  ir.  But  when  the 
same  prefixes  are  united  to  adjectives,  and  occasionally  to 
some  other  parts  of  speech,  they  entirely  reverse  or  change 
the  primitive  signification,  as  Im  possible,  In  sensible,  II 
legible,  Ir  rational.  Each  word  now  meaning  the  same  as 
not  possible,  not  sensible,  not  legible,  and  not  rational 
Also  de,  e,  ex,  are  used,  sometimes  to  take  something  from 
the  primitive  word,  as  de.  fame,  ex  onerate,  elapse,  which 
signify  to  deprive  of  fame,  to  free  from  load,  and  to  slide 
away.  And  the  same  prefixes  in  other  instances,  add  more 
or  less  to  the  primitive  import,  as  deprave,  excess,  evince. 
Now  let  it  be  remembered  in  the  case  of  all  such  prefixes 
as  above  named,  when  they  in  any  manner  add  more  force 
to  the  signification,  or  merely  render  its  import  more  em- 
phatical,  such  prefix,  or  prefixes,  are  uniformly  in  this  book, 
printed  in  the  Italic  character,  and  in  no  other  case.  For 
example  im  plant,  in  fold,  ir  radiate,  ex  tend,  im  possible, 
in  formal,  ir  religious,  ex  elude.  The  Italics  only,  show 
a  strengthened  signification.  This  simple  arrangement, 
will  prevent  mistakes  in  the  teacher,  though  not  a  classical 
scholar  himself,  and  prevent  misapprehension  in  the  stu- 
dent. 

It  is  now  thought  the  Prefixes  have  been  explained  so 
clearly,  that  no  scholar  of  common  capacity,  who  wishes 
to  understand  and  apply  them  correctly,  need  mistake,  al- 
though he  may  not  be  under  the  care  of  any  teacher. 


51 


SECTION  XII. 

Manner  of  Defining. 

We  will  now  endeavor  to  explain  in  a  familiar  way,  the 
manner  of  defining  words  by  their  prefixes  and  suffixes. — 
And  it  is  simply  to  speak  out  the  primitive  signification,  in 
connexion  with  the  separate  import  of  such  prefixes 
and  suffixes,  as  constitute  the  whole  word.  Take  fame, 
which  is  the  primitive,  and  means  fre.  Now  in,  as  a  pre- 
fix, makes  //aflame,  and  increases  the  import  of  the  primi- 
tive word,  and  literally  means  to  put  fire  in,  or  to  set  on 
fire.  Again  Inflammable — able,  means  capable  of- — or  capa- 
ble of  being.  Hence  join  capable  of  being,  to  the  meaning 
of  in,  and  fame,  and  the  whole  spoken  out  is,  capable  of  be- 
ing set  on  fire.  Now  let  it  stand  Inflammability,  and  ability 
means  the  quality  capable  of  being.  This  expression,  join- 
ed in  like  manner,  to  what  Inflame,  means,  it  will  be,  In- 
flammability, the  quality  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Next 
add  the  second  prefix,  and  let  it  be  uninflammable,  and 
speak  out  the  meaning  of  un,  with  what  Inflammable  means, 
and  the  whole  expression  will  be  Uninflammable,  not  capa- 
ble of  being  set  on  fire.  Again  take  Uninflammableness, 
ableness  means  the  property  capable  of  being.  Now  pro- 
nounce the  whole  import,  and  Uninflammableness  literally 
signifies,  the  property  not  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Take 
Delude,  signifying  to  deceive,  and  it  forms 

Deluder.     The  person  who  deceives. 

Delusion.    The  act  of  deceiving. 

Delusive.      Tending  to  deceive. 

Redeem,  signifies  to  ransom,  ir,  means  not,  and  able,  capa- 
ble of  being.  Then  Irredeemable  means  not  capable  of  be- 
ing ransomed. 

Join,  is  a  primitive  word,  and  signifies  to  unite.     Let  it 
stand  thus  with  its  prefixes, 
re  un 

ad    con  re  un  dis  sub  mis  se  inter.     Join. 

ad  means  to,  con  with,  together  with,  re  again,  un  not, 
dis  parting,  mis  wrong,  se  separation,  sub  under,  inter  be- 
tween.    Then,  .Adjoin,  is  joining  to.     Conjunction,  is  the 


52 

act  of  joining  with.  Reconjunclion,  the  act  of  joining  with 
again.  Unconjoined,  not  joined  with,  or  together.  .Rejoin- 
ed, was  joined  again.  Unjoined,  was  not  joined.  Disjoin, 
parting  what  was  joined.  /Subjoin,  to  join  under.  Misjoin, 
to  join  wrong.  Rejoined,  separated.  Inter  joining,  continu- 
ing to  join  between. 

Pathetic,  means  like,  ox  pertaining  to  tenderness  of  ex- 
pression. 

Hope  implies  expectation,  then  Hopeful,  full  of  expecta- 
tion.    Hopeless,  without  hope  or  expectation. 

Blue,  is  a  peculiar  color,  ish  means  a  quality  in  some  de- 
gree like.  Hence  Bluish,  a  quality  in  some  degree  like  Blue. 
Brownish,  a  quality  in  some  degree  like  Brown. 

Prison  is  a  place  for  confinement.  Im  prison,  to  put  in 
a  place  of  confinement,  imprisonment,  the  act  of  putting 
in  a  place  of  confinement. 

Mandate,  expresses  a  command.  Mandatory,  containing 
a  command. 

The  primitive  word,  must  in  all  cases  be  learned,  then 
speak  out  this  primitive  signification,  in  connection  with 
what  all  its  component  parts  mean,  and  you  have  the  pre- 
cise and  definite  import  of  the  entire  word.  A  little  care- 
ful exercise  will  render  it  perfectly  familiar,  and  give  the 
student,  an  entire,  and  ready  command  of  language,  and  an 
instantaneous  mental  perception,  of  the  true  import  of 
words,  written  or  spoken.  If  he  reads  or  hears  Navigate, 
or  navigator,  navigation,  navigable.  Renavigate,  renaviga- 
ted.  Circumnavigate,  circumnavigation,  the  sound  can  no 
sooner  fall  on  the  ear,  than  the  mind  will  perceive  the  dif- 
ferent import  of  each  word.  The  same  must  unavoidably 
be  true,  in  relation  to  every  derivative  word,  whose  primi- 
tive, prefixes  and  suffixes  are  separately  known. 


SECTION  XIII. 

An  Entire  Example. 

Press  a         prim.  word.     To  press  or  urge  by 

weight,  from  Premo,  pressum,  to 
press. 


53 


Press  er 
Press  ure 
Press  ed 
Press  ing 

Press  ion 
Press  ing  ly 

Over  press 
Counterpress  ure 
Com  press 
Com  press  ed 
Com  press  ion 
Com  press  ing 
Com  press  ible 
Com  press  ure 

Com  press  ibil  ity 

Com  press  ible  ness 

Un  com  press  ed 
Un  com  press  ible 
In  com  press  ibil  ity 

Re  press 

Re  press  ed 
Re  press  ion 
Re  press  ive 
Re  press  ing 
Re  press  er 
Re  press  ive  ly 

Ir  re  press  ible 

De  press 
De  press  ed 
De  press  ion 
De  press  or 
De  press  ible 


the  person  who  presses. 

the  result  of  pressing. 

did  press. 

continuing  to  press,  with  reference  to 
time  when. 

the  act  of  pressing. 

in  a  manner  like  pressing,  or  in  a 
pressing  manner. 

to  press  too  much. 

opposite  pressure. 

to  press  together. 

was  pressed  together. 

the  act  of  pressing  together. 

continuing  to  press  together. 

capable  of  being  pressed  together. 

the  result  of  being  pressed  together, 
or  the  act,  &c. 

the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed 
together,  or  the  capacity. 

the  property  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing pressed  together. 

was  not  pressed  together. 

not  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 

the  quality  not  capable  of  being  press- 
ed together. 

to  press  again,  put   down,  subdue,  or 
quell. 

was  pressed  again,  or,  &c. 

the  act  of  pressing  again,  &c. 

tending  to  press  again,  &c. 

continuing  to  press  again,  &c. 

the  person  who  presses  again,  &c. 

in  a  manner  like  pressing  again,  &c, 
or  in  a  repressive  manner. 

not  capable  of  being  pressed  again, 
&c. 

to  press  down,  or  bear  down. 

was  pressed  down. 

the  act  of  pressing  down. 

the  person  who  presses  down. 

capable  of  being  pressed  down. 
5# 


54 


De  press  ing 
Ex  press 
Ex  press  ed 
Ex  press  ion 
Ex  press  ible 

Ex  press  ure 

Ex  press  ive 
Ex  press  ing 
Ex  press  ly 

Ex  press  ive  ly 

Ex  press  ive  ness 

In  ex  press  ible 
In  ex  press  ive 
In  ex  press  ibly 

In  ex  press  ibility 

Un  ex  press  ed 
Un  ex  press  ible 

Un  ex  press  ive 
Im  press 
Im  press  ed 
Im  press  ion 
Im  press  ing 
Im  press  ive 
Im  press  ure 
Im  press  ible 
Im  press  ment 
Impress  ive  ly 

Im  press  ive  ness 

Im  press  ibil  ity 

Re  im  press 


continuing  to  press  down. 

to  press  out,  or  utter  by  words 

was  uttered  by  words,  or,  &c. 

the  act  of  uttering  by  words,  &c. 

capable  of  being  uttered  by  words, 
&c. 

the  result  of  having  been  uttered  by 
words,  &c,  or  the  utterance. 

tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

continuing  to  utter  by  words. 

like  uttering  by  words,  or  in  an  ex- 
press manner. 

in  a  manner  like  uttering  by  words, 
or  in  an  expressive  manner. 

the  property  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing uttered  by  words. 

not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

not  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

in  a  manner  not  capable  of  being  ut- 
tered by  words. 

the  quality  not  capable  of  being  ut- 
tered by  words. 

was  not  uttered  by  words 

not  capable  of  being  uttered  by 
words. 

not  tending  to  express  by  words. 

to  press  in,  or  imprint 

was  pressed  in,  &c. 

the  act  of  pressing  in. 

continuing  to  press  in,  &c. 

tending  to  press  in. 

the  result  of  pressing  in. 

capable  of  being  pressed  in. 

the  act  of  pressing  in. 

in  a  manner  like  pressing  in,  or  in  an 
impressive  manner. 

the  property  capable  of  beng  pressed 
in,  or  capacity,  &c. 

the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed 
in. 

to  press  in  again,  &c. 


55 

Re  im  press  ed  was  pressed  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  in  again 

Re  im  press  ing  continuing  to  press  in  again. 

Un  im  press  ive  not  tending  to  press  in. 

Op  press  to  press  against,  to  bear  down. 

Op  press  ed  was  pressed  against,  or,  &c. 

Op  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  against,  &c. 

Op  press  or  the  person  who  presses  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ing  continuing  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  ly  in  a  manner  like  pressing  against,  or 
in  an  oppressive  manner. 

Op  press  ive  ness  the  quality  of  pressing  against,  &c. 

In  op  press  ive  not  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Sup  press  to  press  under  or  to  bring  under. 

Sup  press  ed  was  pressed  under,  &c. 

Sup  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  under. 

Sup  press  or  the  person  who  presses  under. 

Sup  press  ing  continuing  to  press  under. 

Sup  press  ive  tending  to  press  under. 

In  sup  press  ion  not  pressing  under. 

In  sup  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  pressed  under. 

Un  sup  press  ed  was  not  pressed  under. 


SECTION  XIV. 

This  first  exercise,  is  designed  particularly  for  children 
in  common  schools,  presenting  the  simplest  arrangement  in 
forming  and  defining  derivative  words. 

All  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  are  printed  in  Italics,  so  that 
the  scholar  may  distinguish  them  by  the  eye,  from  the 
primitive  word. 

Let  the  scholar  commence  by  spelling  and  defining  Mix, 
with  all  its  derivatives.     Thus, 

Mix,         to  mingle. 
Mixed,       did  mingle  or  was  mingled. 
Mixer,       the  person  who  mingles. 
Mixing,  continuing  to  mingle  (at  a  certain 
time.) 
(un  means  not )  Tin  mixed,  was  not  mingled. 


56 

Now  spell  each  of  the  following  words,  and  define  them 
in  the  same  manner  as  Mix,  carefully  observing  by  the  ital- 
ics, what  parts  are  added  to  the  primitive  word,  and  what 
meaning  they  give  to  it.  Let  the  Teacher  put  the  ques- 
tions distinctly,  and  observe  that  the  scholar  has  a  correct 
understanding  of  the  process. 


Bake 

Mark 

Wish 

Wash 

Nail 

Baked 

Marked 

Wished 

Washed 

Nailed 

Baker 

Marker 

Wisher 

Washer 

Nailer 

Baking 

Marking 

Wishing 

Washing 

Nailing 

Unbaked, 

Unmarked 

,  ZTnwished, 

Unwashed, 

Z7nnailed. 

Now  carry  out  the  following  words, 
Place,  Twist,  Tax,  Hate,  Tune,  Part,  Roll,  Help,  Vex. 

less.  Means  without  or  destitute  of.  Fruit,  with  less 

added,  forms  Fruit/ess,  and  means  without  fruit, 
or  destitute  of  fruit. 

Now  what  does  Formless  mean,  and  house- 
Jew,  lifeZes.?,  endless,  hopeless,  (earless  grace- 
less,  boundless,  blameless,  faithless,  tasteless. 

ful.  Means  full  of,  full  or  abundance.     Fruit  with 

ful,  added,  forms  fruitful,  and  means  full  of 
fruit  or  abundance  of  fruit. 

What  do  the  following  words  mean  1  Hope- 
ful,  (earful,  graceful,  useful,  blameful,  painful, 
careful,  needful,  playful,  shameful,  tuneful, 
peaceful. 

Observe  how  ful,  and  less,  change  the 
meaning  of  the  word.  Guileful  is  full  of  guile  ; 
but  guileZe.?.?  is  without  guile. 

ish  Means    in    some    degree    like,    or   somewhat. 

Green  with  ish,  added,  makes  greenish,  and 
means  in  some  degree  like  green,  or  somewhat 
green. 

Now  what  is  the  meaning  of  heathenisn, 
wolfish,  brownish,  brutish,  bluish,  darkisn,  fop- 
pish,  soitish,  sourish,  sweetish,  clownisn,  apish, 
waggish,  knavish. 

ly.  Means  like,  or  in  a  manner.     Man,  with  ly, 

added,  makes  manly,  and  means  like  a  man,  or 
in  a  man-like  manner. 


57 


Now   define,    womanZy,    kingZy,    princeZy, 
swiftZy,  speediZy,  faintZy,  madZy,  roughZy,  gen- 
tleman/y. 
ness.  Means,  the  quality  of,  or  the  abstract  quality 

of,  or  the  state. 

Sweet,  with  ness,  added,  forms  sweetness, 
and  means  that  quality  found  in  sugar,  honey, 
&c,  or  the  *  abstract  quality  of  any  thing  sweet, 
wherever  it  is  found. 

Goodness,  means  the  quality  of  any  thing 
that  is  good. 

Now  define,  coldness,  softness,  greatness, 
weakness,  roughness. 

Bloodiness,  is  the  state  of  being  bloody,  so 
baldness,  hoarseness,  comeliness,  plainness 
emptiness. 


These,  with  some  exceptions,  mean  the  per- 
son who,  or  the  agent  which. 


Learn,  with  er,  added,  means  the  person  who 
learns.  Now  explain  Instructor,  tutor,  moral- 
ist, republican,  musician,  legatee,  trustee,  auc- 
tioneer, assignee,  lioness,  peeress,  instructress, 
exectutor,  executrix,  maker,  hearer,  encomiast, 
heroine,  canaaniZe,  formalist,  logician,  chemist, 
philosopher,  reader,  baroness  poetess,  protect- 
or, administratrix,  actor, 
able  ible.  Mean  capable  of,  capable  of  being,  or  that 

may  be. 

Pay,  when  able  is  added,  makes  payaoZe,  and 
means  capable  of  being  paid,  or  that  may  be 
paid. 

Now  define,  TeachaoZe,  taxaoZe,  eataoZe, 
movaoZe,  imitaoZe,  expressi'6Ze,  culpaoZe,  quench- 
able,  credible,  matchaoZe,  flexible,  blamaoZe, 
mutaoZe. 


Abstract  means  drawn  from,  or  separated  from. 


58 


ability 
ableness 
ibility 
ibleness. 


ous. 


lve. 


ion  ment. 


These  mean  the  property  or  quality  capa- 
ble of  being,  that  may  be ;  capacity  or  state. 

Blame,  with  ableness  added,  makes  blam- 
ableness,  and  means  the  quality  that  may  be 
blamed. 

Flexibility,  means  the  quality  that  may  be 
bent. 

Now  define  commendableness,  perceptivity 
xesistibility ,  placability,  inflammaWeness,  divis- 
ibility,  penetrability,  destructibility,  compre- 
hensibility,  combuslibleness,  malleability,  intel- 
ligibleness. 

Means  partaking  of,  consisting  of,  resembling 
or  full  of. 

Slander,  with  ous  added,  forms  slanderous, 
and  means  partaking  of,  or  consisting  of  slan- 
der.    Tumultuous,  means  full  of  tumult. 

Now  explain  invidious,  tempestuous,  neces- 
sitous, murderous,  piteous,  plenteous,  riotous, 
hazardous,  villainous,  resinous,  ponderous,  tim- 
orous, clamorous,  mischievous. 

Means  having  a  tendency  to,  the  power  of,  na- 
ture  of,  &c. 

Effect  with  ive  added,  forms  effective  and 
means  having  the  power  of  accomplishing 
something. 

Deceptive,  means  having  a  tendency  to  de- 
ceive. 

Now  tell  the  meaning  of,  restorative,  pro- 
ductive, retentive,  delusive,  expressive,  palliat- 
ive, explicative,  operative,  diffusive,  convulsive, 
oppressive,  incentive,  compulsive,  subversive, 
corrosive,  preservative. 

Mean   the  act  of,  state  of  being,  place  or 
thing. 

Abase  with  ment  added  forms  abasement,  and 
means  the  act  of  humbling,  or  state  of  being 
humbled. 

Depress,    with   ion,   makes    depression,   de 


59 

means  down,  then  depression  is  the   act  of 
pressing  down,  or  state  of  being  pressed  down. 

Now  explain  concealment,  creation,  defile- 
ment, desertion,  reduction,  formation,  subject- 
ton,  cessation,  imprisonment,  enforcement,  ex- 
citement, congealmen^,  privation,  discussion, 
immersion. 
ic  al.  Most  generally  mean  pertaining  to,  or  like. 

Form,  with  al  added,  makes  forma/,  and  means 
pertaining  to  form,  or  according  to  form. 

Heroic,  is  like  a  hero  or  pertaining  to  a  hero. 

Now    define,  national,  naturaZ,  academicaZ, 
devotionaZ,  metaphoric  academic,  poetic,  athe- 
istic, scholastic,  deisticaZ,  poeticaZ,  metaphoric- 
al, academicaZ,  electricaZ. 
ize.  Signifies,  to  do,  to  make,  to  perform,  to  give, 

or  assimilate. 

Legal,  with  ize  added,  forms  Legalise,  and 
signifies  to  make  lawful.  Authorize  to  give  au- 
thority to. 

Now  explain,  equalize,  brutalize  civilize, mor- 
alize,   pulverize,    sterilize,  realize,   humanize, 
methodize,  fertilize. 
ism.  Means  principles,  state,  or  what  is  peculiar  to. 

Method,  with  ism  added,  forms  methodism, 
and  means  the  principles,  or  doctrines  of  Meth- 
odists. 

Anglicism,  is  what  is  peculiar  to  the  English 
idiom. 

Naturalism,  is  the  mere  state  of  nature. 

What  is  Jesuitism,  Catholicism,  republican- 
ism,   Vandalism,    presbyterianism,  puritanism, 
sectarianism,  federalism,  patriotism,  gallicism, 
en  fy.  Signify  to  make,  or  made  of. 

Hard  with  en,  forming  harden  means  to  make 
hard,  or  more  hard.  Wooden,  means  made  of 
wood. 

Happy,  (y  changed  to  i,  and^y  added,)  makes 
happi/y,  and  means  to  make  happy. 

Now  define  deepen,  lighten,  slacken,  widen, 
weaken,  flaxen,  woolen,  hempen,  silken,  earthen, 


60 

waxen,  beechen,  Glori/y,  forti/y,  sancti/y,  Dei/y, 
rati/y,  modi/y,  puri/y,  beati/y,  justi/y,  stupe/y, 
falsi/y,  clari/y,  fructify,  moli/y. 
ity  cy  ty.  Mean  the  state,  condition  or  state  of. 

Obdurate,  makes  obduracy,  the  state  of  being 
hard  of  heart,  or  unfeeling.  Humility,  the 
state  of  being  humble. 

Now  what  is  supremacy,  delicacy,  intricacy, 
solidly,  fertility,  stupidly,  hostility,  tranquility, 
hood.  Means  the  state  of,  or  office. 

Child,  with  hood  added,  means  the  state  of  a 
child. 

Priest/iooc?,  is  the  office  of  a  priest. 

What  is  boyhood,  manhood,  knighthood,  hard- 
ihood. 
ship.  Means  state  or  office.     What  is  professor- 

ship,  consulship,  partnership,  relations/iip,  legis- 
latorsnip. 
ance  ancy  >       Mean  the  state,  condition,  act  of,  or  thing. 
ence  ency.  $       ing,  will  aid  in  giving  the  meaning. 

Depend,  means  to  hang  down,  (literally)  and 
ence  added,  forms  dependence,  and  means  the 
state  of  hanging-  down  from  some  supporter. 

Performance,  is  the  act  of  doing  something 
or  the  thing  done. 

Now  define  ignorance,  allowance,  occupancy, 
ascendency,  deficiency,  coincidence,  concurrence, 
confluence,  competence,   persistence,  clemency, 
despondency,  delinquency,  solvency,  reliance. 
ant  ent.  Either  mean  a  person,  or  express  acting  or 

doing,  in  some  sense  like  words  ending  with 
ing. 

Preside,  forms  president,  the  person  presid- 
ing. 

Defendant,  is  a  person.  Refulgent,  is  shin- 
ing. 

What  is  Assailant,  accountant,  combatant, 
disputant,  agent,  student,  adherent,  triumphant, 
vigilant,  absorbent,  component,  abstinent,  ap- 
parent. 


61 

SECTION  XV. 

Second  Exercise. 

Suffixes,  subjoined  to  different  words,  in  classes,  as  an 
exercise  for  children,  where  repetition  will  strengthen  the 
memory  and  render  the  mode  of  defining  familiar.     To  be 
often  repeated, 
ful.  Full  of,  full,  an  abundance. 

fully.  In  a  manner  full  of,  or  in  a manner. 

fullness.  The  quality  of  being  full  of,  or  state, 

less.  Without,  or  destitute  of. 

lessly.  In  a  manner  without,  or  in  a manner. 

lessness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  without. 

Now  apply  the  above  definitions  to  the  following  words, 
and  observe  the  commas. 

Faith  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.     Rule  4. 

Health  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Pity  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.     Rule  2.    y  changed  to  i. 

Hope  ful,ly,ne°.s  less,ly,ness. 

Mercy  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.    Rule  2.  y  changed  to  i 

Art  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Care  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Need  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Fear  ful,ly,ness  les3,ly,ness. 

Shame  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Respect  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 
ish.  In  some  degree  like,  or  somewhat. 

•  , ,  In  a  manner  some  degree  like,  or  in  a 

manner  somewhat  like, 
ishness.  The  quality  in  some  degree  like. 

Define  the  primitive,  then  join  each  suffix,  and  define  the 
whole. 

Fool  ish,ly,ness.  Clown  ish,ly,ness. 

Heathen  ish,ly,ness.  Ape  ish,ly,ness. 

Slave  ish,ly,ness,  Sot  tish,ly,ness. 

Knave  ish,ly,ness.  Brine  ishmess. 

Brute  ish,ly,ness.  Slut  tish,ly,ness. 

Child  ish,ly,ness.  White  ish,ness. 

6 


ing 
ingly 


62 

Continuing  to,     (Referring   to   the   time 

when.) 
In  a manner,  (repeat  the  word  in  the 

blank.) 
ingness.  The  quality  of  being. 

Example 

Loving/y,  in  a  (loving)  man-     Lastingree^,  the  quality  of 

ner.  being  durable. 

Grieve  ing,ly.  Admire  ing,ly.         Doubt  ing,ly. 

Frown  ing,ly.  Despair  ing,ly.         Fawn  ing.ly. 

Surprise  ing,ly.  Enchant  ing.ly.       Agonize  ing,ly. 

Loathe  ing,ly.  Pine  ing.ly.  Love  ing,ly. 

Charm  ing,ly.  Despair  ing,ly.         Last  ing,ly. 

ic  > 

,   >  Pertaining  to,  relating   to,  like. 

ical.  (The  same  as  above.) 

.     ,,  In  a  manner  pertaining  to,  or  in  a 

y*  manner. 

Deist  ic,al„ly.  Democrat  ic,al„ly.   Method  ic,al„ly. 

Drama  tic,al„ly.       Poet  ic,al„ly.  Metaphor  ic,al„ly. 

Druid  ic,al„ly.  Angel  ic,al„ly.         Alphabet  ic,al„ly. 

Mechanic  al  ,ly.       Atheist  ic,al,,ly.        Grammat  ic,al„ly. 
able 
ible. 

ably    )  In  a  manner  that  may   be,  or  in  a- 
ibly.   )  manner. 

.. ,  I  The  property  or  quality  that  may  be,  &c. 

Move  able,ness  ably.  Corrupt  able,ness  ably. 

Change  able,ness  ably.  Demonstrate  ble,ness  bly. 

Censure  able,ness  ably.  Perceptible   ibly  (ibility. 

Charge  able,ness  ably.  Honor  able,ness  ably. 

Adore  able,ness  ably.  Blame  able.ness  ably. 

Tame  able,ness.  Commend  able,ness  ably. 

ive.  Tending  to,  the  power  of,  or  the  nature  of. 

,  In  a  manner  tending  to,  or  in  a man- 

lvely*  ner. 

.  The  quality  tending  to,  or  having  the  pow- 

er of. 


>  That  may  be,  &c. 


63 

Diffuse  ive,ly,ness.  Oppress  ive,ly,ness. 

Attract  ive,ly,ness.  Coerce  ive,ly. 

Destructive  ly  ness.  Cohesive  ly  ness. 

Compulsive  ly  ness.  Abusive  ly  ness. 

ous.  Partaking  of,  like,  full  of. 

,  In  a  manner  partaking  of,  like,  or,  in   a 

^'  manner. 

ousness.  The  quality  partaking  of,  like,  or  state. 

Danger  ous,ly,ness.  Melody  ous,ly,ness. 

Injury  ous,ly,ness.     Rule  2.  Murder  ous.ly. 
Efficacy  ous,ly,ness.  Slander  ous,ly,ness. 

Perfidy  ous,ly,ness.  Plenty  ous,ly,ness.     Rule  2. 

Grieve  ous,ly,ness.  Malicious  ly  ness. 

Glory  ous,ly,ness.  Ruin  ous,ly,ness. 

To  do,  to  make  like,  to  perform,  or  assim- 
lze-  ilate. 

ized.  Did  make,  &c,  or  was. 

izing.  Continuing  to  make,  &c. 

ization.  The  act  of  making,  &c. 

Real  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Pulverize  ed  ing  ation. 

Civil  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Equalize  ed  ing  ation. 

Author  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Colonize  ed  ing  ation. 

Moral  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Epitomize  ed  ing  ation. 

Human  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Naturalize  ed  ing  ation. 

Organ  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Modern  ize,ed,ing,ation. 

ment.  The  act  of,  the  state  of  being,  or  thing. 

Confine  ment.  Attain  ment. 

Advance  ment.  Acquire  ment. 

Enlarge  ment.  Enroll  ment. 

Abase  ment.  Infringe  ment. 

Retire  ment.  Allot  ment. 

Excite  ment.  Prefer  ment. 

Atone  ment.  Elope  ment. 

To,  as  Desolate  to  destroy,  or  the  quality 
ate.  of 

ated.  Did  or  was. 

ation.  The  act  of,  &c. 

Continuing  to,    (with   reference  to  time 
&  when.) 

atory.  Containing,  the  nature  of,  or  tending  to. 


ant 
ent 


64 

Accelerate  ed  ing  ion  ory.      Narrate  ed  ing  ion  ory. 
Obligate  ed  ing  ion  ory.  Expostulate  ed  ing  ion  ory. 

Indicate  ed  ing  ion  ory.  Dilate  ed  ing  ion  ory. 

(The  judicious  use  of)  ing,  or  the  person. 
ent,  in  many  words,  has  a  very  simi- 
ilar  import  to  a  present  Participle. 

/   I  In  a  manner  &c,  or  in  a manner. 

ently.  y  ' 

Indulge  ent,  is  yields'?* g. 
Indulgently  in  a  yielding  manner. 
Recumbenf,  leaning,  reclining. 
Defendant,  the  person  who  defends. 
Accordant,  agreeing  to  or  with. 
Confide?*/;,  trustmo-  with. 

Depend  ent.  Differ  ent.  Emerge  ent. 

Concur  rent.  Reside  ent.  Cohere  ent. 

Assist  ant.  Repent  ant.  Absorb  ent. 

-, ,     I  That  may  be,  &c. 

h'lt'v  \  ^e  ProPerty  or  quality  that  maybe,  &c. 

Penetrate  ble  bility.  Rule  8.  Digest  ible  ibility. 

Change  able  ability.  Culpatble  <bility.     Rule.  3 

Commute  able  ability.  Fallible  ^ility. 

Compress  ible  ibility.  Credible  4bility. 

Resist  ible  ibility.  Proba4blo  <bility. 

Defense  ible  ibility.  Possible  (bility. 

Access  ible  ibility.  Combustible  tbility. 

Accept  able  ability.  Invincible  ability. 

Contract  ible  ibility.  Admissible  <bility. 

ance  ancy  )         The  state,   condition,  or   result.      Some- 
ence  ency.  y  times  the  act  of,  or  thing. 

Accord  ance.  Cohere  ence  ency. 

Appear  ance.  Differ  ence. 

Disturb  ance.  Depend  ence  ency. 

Conform  ance.  Confide  ence. 

Achieve  ance.  Revere  ence. 

Affirm  ance.  Attend  ance. 

Defy  ance-  Concur  rence  rency 


65 


ed. 

edly. 

edness. 


Did  or  was. 

In   a mannner.       (Repeat  the  word 

where  the  blank  is.) 
The  quality  of  being,  or  state,  &c. 


Example. 

Guarded/y,    in    a    (guarded)   Conceited/less,   the  state  of 
manner.  being  conceited. 

In  a  manner   learned,  or  in  (a  learned) 
manner. 


Learnedly. 


Remove  ed,ness. 
Impoverish  ed,ly,ness. 
Invert  ed,ly. 
Content  ed,ly,ness. 
Convex  ed,ly. 
Refine  ed,ly,ness. 
Amaze  ed,ly,ness. 

al,  is  a  very  common  suffix  after  ic.  And  after  al,  we 
frequently  have,  ize  ism  ist  ly  ity,  or  some  of  them.  De- 
fine the  followinsf. 


Interrupt  ed,ly. 
Reserve  ed,ly. 
Guard  ed,ly,ness. 
Resolve  ed,ly,ness. 
Confuse  ed,ly,ness. 
Deform  ed,ly,ness. 
Conceit  ed,ly,ness. 


Natural  ism  ist  ly  ize. 
Calvin  ism  ist,ic„al. 
Magic  al,ly. 
Academic  al,ly. 
Hypocrit  ic,al„ly. 

Like,  in  a  manner. 

The  quality  like,  or  state. 

Love  ly,ness. 
Rule  2.         God  ly,ness. 

Neighbor  ly.ness. 
Lone  ly,ness. 
Coward  ly,ness. 

ship.  The  office  of,  state  of,  or  territory. 

Professor  ship.  Consul  ship. 

Legislate  or.ship.  Probation  ship. 

Part  ner,ship.  Chancellor  ship. 

Relation  ship.  Town  ship. 

6* 


Democrat  ic,al„ly. 
Domestic  al,ly 
Partial  ity  ist  ly  ize. 
Pedant  ic,al„ly. 
Atheist  ic,al„ly. 

liness. 

Friend  ly,ness 
Ghost  ly,ness. 
Gentleman  ly,ness 
Man  ly,ness. 
Modest  ly. 


66 


Words  ending  in  le  are  commonly  suffixed  with  ed  er 

ing,  or  some  of  them,  as, 

Muffle  ed  er  ing.  Tipple  ed  er  ing. 

Fable  ed  er  ing.  Tackle  ed  ing. 

Swindle  ed  er  ing.  Mantle  ed  er  ing. 

Tattle  er  ing.  Ramble  ed  er  ing. 

Scuffle  ed  er  ing.  Scribble  ed  er  ing. 

Grumble  ed  er  ing.  Babble  er  ing. 


fled. 

fier. 

tying- 

fication. 

en. 

ened. 

ening. 

ener. 

Clarify  ed  er  ing  cation. 

Simplify  ed  ing  cation. 

Gratify  ed  er  ing  cation. 

Modify  ed  er  ing  cation. 

Salify  ed  ing  cation. 

Sanctify  ed  er  ing  cation 

Notify  ed  ing  cation. 

Testify  ed  er  ing  cation. 

some. 

somely. 
someness. 


To  make. 

Did  or  was.     Rule  2. 

The  person  or  thing. 

Continuing  to,  &c. 

The  act  of,  &c.     Rule  7. 

To  make,  did  or  more. 

Was  made,  &c. 

Continuing  to,  &c. 

The  person,  or  thing,  &c. 

Sweet  en,ed,er,ing. 
Mad  den,ed,ing. 
Fresh  en,ed. 
Like  en,ed,in£f. 
Deep  en,ed,ing. 
Hard  en,ed,ing,er. 
Fat  tcn,ed,ing,er 
White  en,ed,ing,er. 
Possessing  a  degree  of,  or  somewhat. 
In  a  manner  possessing  a  degree  of,  or  in 

a manner. 

The  quality  possessing  a   degree   of,  or 
state. 

Trouble  some,ly,ness.  Loathe  some,ly,ness. 

Lone  some,ly,ness.  Fulsome  ly  ness. 

Gladsome,ly,ness.  Cumber  some,ly,ness. 

Delight  some,ly,ness.  Meddle  some,ness. 

Irk  some,ly,ness.  Humor  some,ly. 

There  are  but  few  worda  in  ion,  to  which  additional  suf- 
fixes are  united,  and  those  commonly  of  the  following  char- 
acter. 

Nation  al,ly,ity,ize,ness.  Question  er  ary  ist  less  able. 

Portion  ed  er  ing  ist.  Caution  ed  er  ing  ary. 


67 


Passion  less  ary  ate,ly.  Notion  al,ly,ity  ist. 

Station  al  ary  er.  Faction  ary  ist. 

Action  able  ably  ary.  Pension  ed  er  ing  ary. 

Pertaining  to,  the  nature  of,  power  of,  or 
^  place  where, 

orily.  In  a  manner  pertaining  to,  or  the  nature  of. 

oriness.  The  quality  pertaining  to,  &c. 

Contradict  ory,ly,ness.  Observe  atory. 


Mandate  ory. 
Consola  tory. 
Prohibit  ory. 


ism. 


Exculpate  ory. 
Deposit  ory. 
Expostulate  ory. 
The  principles  of,  the  state  of,  or  pecu- 
liar to. 


Pagan  ism.  Federal  ism.  Method  ism. 

Heathen  ism.  Republican  ism.  Tory  ism. 

Puritan  ism.  Patriot  ism.  Anglicism. 

ry    \ 

ary  >  Relating  to,  pertaining  to. 

lar.  ) 

Aliment  ary.  MuscuZar.  TituZar. 

Testament  ary.  Consular.  Insular. 

Element  ary.  Lunar.  Jugular. 

Supplement  ary.  Secular.  Tubular. 

Imagine  ary.  Globular.  Circular. 

Peasant  ry.  Mimic  ry.  Image  ry. 


cy 
ity. 


These  imply  the  actual  state,  or  real  con- 
dition ;  or  the  quality  converted  into 
a  substance,  and  may  be  rendered  the 
state,  condition,  or  quality. 
Stupid,  is  a  quality,  stupidly,  is  a  state. 

Liberal  ity.  Prosper  ity.  Delicate  cy.* 

Equal  ity.  Fragil  ity.  Intricate  cy. 

Vital  ity.  Ductile  ity.  Obstinate  cy. 

Moral  ity.  Stupid  ity.  Accurate  cy. 

Mortal  ity.  Local  ity.  Obstinate  cy. 

Brutal  ity.  Hostile  ity.  Legitimate  cy. 


•  te  is  dropped  before  cy,  Rule  8. 


68 


SECTION  XVI. 

Third  Exercise. 

An  exercise  in  carrying  trie  primitive  through  its  de- 
rivative forms. 


Communicate,  To  impart. 

Compare,  To  liken  things. 

Compassion,  Pity. 
Defense,  A  protection. 
Deject,  To  cast  down. 
Expect,  To  wait  for. 

Force,  To  compel. 

Govern,  To  rule  over. 

Honor,  To  reverence. 

Indicate,  To  point  out. 
Instruct,  To  teach. 

Joy,  Mirth. 

Know,  To  understand. 
Lax,  Loose. 

Method,  A  way  or  manner. 
Narrate,  To  tell  or  rehearse 
Obstruct,  To  block  up. 
r.       ,        Pertaining  to  the 
P°Pul'ar'  people. 

Quarrel,  To  contend. 
Recognize,  To  recollect. 
Remove,  To  change  place. 
Separate,  To  part. 

Sense,  Feeling,  Reason. 

Thought,  Meditation. 


ed  ing  ion  ive,ness  ory  able,- 

ness    bility. 
ed  er  ing  ison  ative,ly  able 

ably, 
ary  ate,ly,ness  able, 
ed  less,ness  ive,ly  ible. 
ed,ly,ness  ing  ion  ly  ory. 
er  ing   ant    ance   ancy   able 

ation  ative. 
ed,ly,ness  fuljy  less  ible,ness 

ibly  ing. 
ed  ing  or  ess  ant  ance  able 

ment,al. 
ed  er  ing  less  able,ness  ably 

ary. 
ed  ing  ion  ive,ly  or  ory. 
ed  ing  ion  ive,ly,ness  or  ress 

ible. 
ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness  ous,ly 

ness. 
er  ing,ly  able. 

ly  ness  ity  ation  ative,ness. 
ic,al„ly  ist,ic„al  ism  ize. 
ed  ing  ion  ive,ly  or  ory  able, 
ed  er  ing  ion  ive. 
ly  ity  ize,ed,ing4ate,ed,ing,ion- 

tous,ly,ness. 
er  ing  ous  some,ly,ness. 
ed  ing  or  ee  ance  able. 
ed,ness  er  ing  al  able  ability, 
ed  ing  ly  ion  ness  ist  or  ory 

ble,ness    bility. 
ful  less,ly,ness  ation  ible,ness 

ibility  itivedy. 
ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 


€9 

Traduce,  To  vilify.  ed  er  ing,lyment  ent  ible  tion 

tive. 
Use,  To  occupy,  custom.         ed  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness  ance 

er  age,er  able  ual,ly,ness. 
Utter,  To  speak.  ed  er  ing  ance  able. 

Vapor,  Moisture,  elastic  fluid.  ate,ion  able  ability  ed  ize,ed,- 

ing,ation  ous,ly,ness. 
Venerate,  To  reverence.         ed  ing  ion  or    ble,ness    bly 

bility. 
Wake,  Not  to  sleep.  ful,ly,ness  er  ing  en,er,ing,ed. 

Yield,  To  give  up.  ed  er  ing,ly,ness  ance  able,- 

ness. 
Yellow,  A  color.  ness  ish,ness. 

Zeal,  Engagedness.  less  ous,ly,ness  ot,ic„al. 

Zone,  A  girdle.  ed  less  nar. 

Accuse,  To  blame.  ed    er    ing    ant    able    ation 

ative,ly  atory. 
Affirm,  To  assert  positively,  ed  er  ing  able  ably  ant  ance 

ation  ative,ly. 

t.  An  assemblage  of )  ous,ly,ness     ful,ly,ness     less 

*'         graces.  $  fy,er,ing. 

r,       £.   An  act  of  kindness.  )     ,. 
Benefit,  Tq  do  good  £  ed  ing. 

Allow,  To  grant.  ed  er  ing  ance  able,ness  ably. 

Manner  of  discovering  Latin  Roots. 

When  the  English  word  is  derived  from  a  Latin  deri- 
vative, the  prefix  to  the  Latin  root,  is  italicised,  or  the  root 
is  given  in  addition.  If  the  English  word  is  from  a  Latin 
noun,  participle  or  supine,  of  regular  formation,  nothing 
more  is  commonly  necessary  than  to  italicise  the  prefix, 
and  thus  show  the  primitive  ;  which  is  usually  done  in  the 
following  tables  : — 

For  example,  the  English  word  Inscribe,  is  from  the 
Latin  Znscribo,  where  in  being  italicised,  leaves  scribo  un- 
italicised  as  the  root.  So  obstruct,  is  from  ofcstructum, 
where  ob  is  likewise  italicised,  leaving  structum,  as  the 
regular  supine  from  struo,  its  root.  In  this  manner  Latin 
primitives  and  derivatives  may  generally  be  distinguished. 

As  this  work  is  specially  designed  to  aid  English 
scholars,  who  have  no  knowledge  of  the  classics,  and  con- 


70 

sequently  could  not  trace  out  very  remote  derivations,  it 
was  thought  advisable  for  their  benefit,  to  accommodate  the 
arrangement  in  this  respect,  to  their  understandings,  by- 
giving  those  words  whose  signification  is  greatly  expanded, 
under  different  heads,  or  repeating  the  root,  in  connection 
with  such  prefixes,  as  in  each  case,  would  best  correspond 
with  the  several  primitive  meanings. 

For  example  ;  An,nounce,  signifies,  to  publish  or  declare 
to,  and  in  natural  connection  is  pronounce.  But  Renounce, 
means  to  disown,  or  reject,  and  in  accordance  with  this,  is 
denounce ;  yet  both  words  have  the  same  root.  Also 
instruct,  to  teach,  Construe  to  translate,  structure,  a  build- 
ing, obstruct,  to  block  up,  and  destroy  to  pull  down,  are 
from  the  same  root,  struo  to  build.  All  these  words  have 
corresponding  prefixes,  and  when  relatively  arranged  the 
whole  becomes  perfectly  intelligible  to  the  English 
scholar. 

The  scholar  must  remember  that  some  of  the  prefixes, 
and  especially  un,  rarely  combine  with  the  primitive  word 
till  it  has  assumed  some  of  its  derivative  forms  ;  as  Faith 
cannot  be  wnfaith,  but  unfaithful. 

A  little  observation  of  the  tables  where  all  the  suffixes 
are  carried  out  with  the  prefixes,  will  afford  the  best  guide 
on  this  point,  re  and  un,  are  prefixed  to  adjectives  and 
participles  almost  at  pleasure  ;  and  are  not  always  inserted 
in  this  work  where  they  might  be  used  with  propriety. 
all,  high  and  self,  like  prefixes,  are  extensively  used  in  com- 
position as  ^4/Z-amazed,  High-minded,  <SeZ/"-sufficient,  &c. 


SECTION  XVII. 

Fourth  Exercise. 

All  the  prefixes  used  in  this  exercise  mean  as  follows : — 

un  Means   not  or   without,    E/nalarmed,    not 

alarmed,  or  it  means  undoing,  as  un- 

braid,  to  separate  the  threads. 

mis.  Means  wrong,  as  Misbehave,  to   behave 

wrong. 
sub.  under  or  beneath.     -Swoastral,  under   the 

stars  or  beneath  the  stars. 


semi 
hemi 
demi 

mi  in. 


.} 


il  non. 

inter, 
ante, 
post. 

CO. 

re. 

out. 

self. 

over. 

en. 

dis. 


71 


one  half.  /Semi-diameter,  half  the  diameter, 
hemisphere,  Demi-woU. 

not,  the  want  of,  or  without.  Tnopulent,  not 
wealthy,  or  without  wealth.  Impro- 
per, not  proper. 

not.  //legal  not  legal,  non-emphatic,  not 
emphatic. 

between.    Interlink,  to  link  between. 

before.    Ante-meridian,  before  noon. 

after.    Postmeridian,  after  noon. 

in  connection  with.  Co-partner,  a  partner 
in  connection  with. 

again  or  back.  Re-echo,  to  echo  back. 
Re-enpy,  to  enjoy  again. 

going  beyond.  OwMtnave,  going  beyond 
in  knavery. 

One's  owti  person.  Self-neglect,  neglect 
ing  one's  self. 

too  much.    Over-noisy,  too  much  noise. 

in,  or  to  make.    En-circle,  to  circle  in. 

not  or  separating  from.  Dishonest,  not 
honest.  Dis-memher,  to  separate  a 
limb. 


Now  let  children  spell,  form  and  define,  all  the  words  in 
this  first  exercise,  till  the  whole  process  has  become  per- 
fectly familiar.  This  will  not  only  perfect  them  in  spelling, 
and  defining  the  words  in  this  Section,  but  will  give  them 
a  general  view  of  the  radical  principles,  in  the  formation 
of  all  derivative  words,  not  merely  in  this  book,  but  in  the 
whole  language,  and  by  proper  mental  discipline,  continued 
in  this  manner,  will,  unavoidably  ensure  clearness  of 
thought,  and  perspicuity  of  expression  for  life. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

/.  stands  for  French— sax.  for  Saxon— norm.  Norman— gr.  Greek— 
£.' German — d.  Dutch— ir.  Irish— it.  Italian— sp.  Spanish— w.  Welch— 
dan.  Danish— gotk.  Gothic.  The  Latin  words  are  given  when  the 
English  word  is  directly  or  more  remotely  derived  from  Latin.  When 
two  or  more  Latin  words  are  given,  it  will  be  plainly  perceivable  from 
which  one  each  of  the  English  derivatives  are  formed. 


72 

tin.        Abash.  To  make  the  spirits  to  fall,  to  make  ashamed, 

or  confused,    ed  ing  ment.    un  ed. 
re.         Accost,  f.  To  speak  to  first,  to  address  face  to  face, 

to  approach,    ed  ing  able, 
un.        Alarm,  f.   An  out  cry,  giving  notice  of  danger,  to 

rouse     or  disturb  with  fear,    ed  ing.ly  is,t. 

un  ed. 
un.        Answer,  sax.  To  speak  in  return,  to  be  equivalent 

or  suitable  to,  to  reply.    It  has  many  senses. 

ed  er  ing  able,ness  ably,  un  ed  able,ness  ably. 
un.        Argue,  Arguo.    To  reason,  debate   or   dispute,   to 

to  prove  or  evince,    ed  er  ing  ment,al,able,- 

ation,ative„ly.    un  ed.     Rule  4. 
un.        Arrest,  f.   To  take  a  person  with  a  warrant,  to  stop 

or  hinder,    ed  er  ing  ment  ation  or.    un  ed. 
sub.       Astral,  gr.  Pertaining  to  the  stars,    sub. 
un.        Attire,  norm.  To  dress,  ornamental  clothes,    ed  er 

ing.     un  ed. 
un.        Bashful.  Having  a  down   cast  look,  modest,  very 

modest,    ly  ness.     un. 
mis.      Behave,  gr.   To  act,  to  conduct  well  or  ill.    ed  ing 

ior.    mis  ed  ior. 
un.        Betray,  sax.   To  deliver  into  the  hands  of  another 

by  treachery,  to  disclose,  mislead  or  deceive. 

ed  er  ing.    un  ed.     Rule  2. 
un.        Blame,  f.   To  censure  or  rind  fault  with,  a  crime  or 

fault,     ed  er   ing  ful  less,ly,ness   able, ness 

ably,    un  ed  ablemess  ably. 
un.        Blend,  sax.  To  mix  or  mingle  together,    ed  er  ing. 

un  ed. 
un.        Bless,  sax.    To  express  a  wish  or  desire  to  make 

happy,  to   consecrate  or  set  apart,     er  ing 

ed,ly,ness.    un. 
un.        Blunt,  sax.  Having  a  thick  edge  or  point,  abrupt, 

wanting  civility,    ed  ing  ly  ness.    un  ed. 
un.        Bribe,  ir.  A  reward  bestowed  or  offered,  to  pervert 

judgment,  that  which  seduces.    er,y.    un  ed 

able, 
un.        Brother,  sax.    A  human   male   born  of  the   same 

parents,   any  one    closely  united,    ly  less 

hood,    un  ly. 


73 

un.  Chastise,  f.  To  punish,  to  correct,  ed  er  ing  able 
merit,    un  ed.     Castigo,  to  beat. 

en.  Circle,  Circulus.  A  curve  line  bending  round  till 
both  ends  meet,    ed  er  ing.    en  ed  ing. 

over.  Clamor,  Clamor.  A  great  out  cry  or  noise.  ous,ly,- 
ness.    over  ous. 

un.  Clasp,  ir.  A  hook  for  fastening,  to  close  in  the  hand, 
ed  er  ing.    un  ing. 

un.  Clip,  sax.  To  cut  off  with  shears  or  scissors,  to  cur- 
tail, to  diminish,  ped  per  ping,  un  ped. 
Rule  5. 

un.  Coil,  f.  To  gather  as  a  line  or  cord  into  a  circular 
form,    ed  ing.    un  ed. 

un.  Comely,  sax.  Becoming,  suitable,  handsome,  grace- 
ful, decent,    ness.    un  ness.     Rule  2. 

un.  Concern,  f.  To  relate  or  belong  to,  to  interest  or 
disturb,  anxiety.  ed,ly  ing  ment.  un  ed,ly,- 
ness.     Cerno,  to  see. 

un.  Contemn,  Contemno.  To  dispise,  slight  or  reject 
with  disdain,    ed  er  ing.    un  ed. 

dis.  Continue,  Co?itinuo.  To  remain  in  any  place,  to 
last  or  endure,  to  extend.  ed,ly  er  ing  ity 
ous  al,ly,ness  ance  ation  ator  ative.  dis 
ed  er  ing  ous  ity  ance  ation.  Teneo,  to 
hold. 

un.  Curb,  f.  Restraint,  check,  hinderance,  a  frame  round 
the  mouth  of  a  well,  to  restrain,  ed  ing. 
un  ed. 

semi.  Deist,  Deus.  One  who  believes  in  the  existence  of 
a  God,  but  denies  a  revelation.  ic,al.  semi 
ical.     De(ity  4ism. 

un.  Defy,  f.  To  dare  to  combat  or  strife,  to  challenge, 
ance  atory  er.    un  ed. 

un.         Defend.   }  ZMendo.  To  drive  back  or  repel,  to  vin- 


>  dicate,  to  fortify. 


self.       Defense.  )  Defensum.    A  .security  against  violence 

or  injury    ed  er  ing  ant  able,    un  ed.  ed  ible 

ive,ly  less,ness  ative.    self. 
un.         Delight,  f.  and  Delector.   A  high  degree  of  pleasure, 

to  affect  with  pleasure,    ed  er  ful,ly,ness  less 

some,ly,ne6s.    un  ed  ful. 
7 


74 

un.        Deny,  f.  To  contradict,  refuse,  reject,  disown,  not 

to  yield,    er  al  able,    un  able  ably. 
un.        Deserve,  Deservio.  To  merit,  to  be  worthy  of  either 

good  or  evil.    ed,ly  ing,ly  er.    un  ed,ly,ness 

ing,ly.     Servus,  a  slave. 
un.        Desire,  f.  An  emotion  of  the  mind  for  the  attain- 
ment of  some  object,  love,  appetite,    ed  er 

ing  ous,ly,ness  able,ness.    un  able. 
un.         Despise.  To  contemn,  scorn  or  disdain,  to  have  the 

lowest  opinion  of.    ed,ness  ing,ly  er  al  able. 

un  ed.     De-Specio,  to  look  down. 
over.     Difficult,  Di/ficilis.    Hard  to  be  made  or  done,  at- 
tended with  difficulty,  not  easily  performed. 

y.     over.     Facilis,  easy. 
un.         Divulge,  Divulgo.   To  make  public,  to  disclose  or 

tell,    ed  er  ing  ation.    un  ed.     Vulgus,  the 

common  people. 
re.         Double,  f.  To  fold,  twice  the  sum,  to  increase  twice  as 

much,   y  ed  er  ing  ness.  reeding.  Duo,  two. 
un.         Doubt,  f.    To   waver    in    opinion,    to    hesitate,   to 

question  or  fear,     ed    er  ing,ly   ful,ly,ness 

less,ly.    un  ed,ly  ing.     Dubitus,  doubtful. 
over.     Earnest,  sax.  Eager  to  obtain,  zealous,  serious,  first 

fruits,  a  reality,    ness  ly.    over. 
re.         Echo,  Echo.  Sound  reflected  from  a  solid  body,  to 

resound,    ed  ing.    re  ed  ing. 
un.        Elate,  JSlatus.    Raised,    elevated   in   mind,   proud, 

haughty.     ed,ly  ing  or  ion.     un  ed.     Fero, 

latum,  to  carry,  or  bear. 
un.         Embellish,  f.    To  adorn,   beautify  or    decorate,   to 

to  make  elegant,    ed  er  ing  ment.    un  ed. 
un.        Embroider,  f.    To  border  with  ornamental  needle 

work,     ed  er  ing  y.     un  ed. 
Emanate,  iiinano.  To  issue  from  a  source,  to  flow 

from,     ing  ion  ive.    Mano,  to  flow  like  drops. 
non.      Emphases,  \  gr.  A  particular  stress  of  voice  given 
>  to  certain  words. 

Emphatic.    )      (ize  al,ly.    non  al. 
Emulate,  Aemulor.    To  strive  to  equal  or  excel,  to 

vie  with,  to  rival,    ed  ing  ion  ive  or  ress. 

Aemulus,  vying  with 


75 

un.        Endow,  norm.  To  furnish  with  a  portion  of  goods 
or  estate,  to  enrich  or  settle  on,  to  indue, 
ed  er  ing  ment.    un  ed. 

nn.  Entertain,  f.  To  receive  and  treat  with  hospi- 
tality, to  lodge,  to  please  and  amuse,  ed 
er  ing,ly  ment.  un  ed  ing,ness.  Teneo,  to 
hold. 

un.  Entrance,  f.  To  put  in  a  trance,  to  withdraw  the 
soul,  enraptured,    ed  ing.    dis  ed  ing. 

un.  Escort,  f.  A  guard,  a  body  of  armed  men  protecting 
something,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

un.  Espy,  f.  To  see  at  a  distance,  to  discovor.  un  ed. 
Specio,  to  look. 

co.  Eternal,  Aeternus.  Without  beginning  or  end,  im- 
mortal, ist  ize  ly.  Etern  ity  ify  ize,ed,ing. 
co  al. 

Un.  Exempt,  f.  To  be  free  or  permit  to  be  free  from  any 
charge  or  burden,  to  free  by  privilege,  ed 
ing  ion.    un  ed.     Emo,  to  buy. 

un  Expect,  £a-specto  expectatum.  To  wait  for,  to  look 
for  either  good  or  evil,  er  ing  ant  ancy  ance 
able  ation.  un  ed,ly,ness.  Specio,  to  see  or 
look. 
Expunge,  JSxpungo.  To  blot  out  as  with  a  pen,  to 
efface  or  erase,  ed  ing.  Pungo,  to  prick  or 
sting. 

un.  Fade,  f.  To  lose  color,  to  decay,  lose  strength,  to 
vanish,    ed  ing,ness.    un  ed  ing,ness. 

un.  Fair,  sax.  Clear  from  spots,  beautiful,  frank,  honest, 
plain,    ly  ness.    un  ly  ness. 

un.  Faith,  w.  Belief,  assent  of  the  mind,  trust,  con- 
fidence. ful,ly,ness  less,ness.  un  ful,ly,- 
ness.     Fides,  faith. 

un.  Familiar,  Familians.  Pertaining  to  a  family,  do- 
mestic, easy  in  conversation,  intimate,  ity 
ize,ed,ing  ly.    un  ity.     Familia,  a  family. 

en.  Feeble,  sp.  Weak,  infirm,  sickly,  not  loud,  wanting 
force,    ness  y.     en  ing  ment. 

semi.  Fluid,  Fluidus.  Any  substance  whose  parts  move 
easily  like  water,  ity  ness.  semi.  Fluo, 
to  flow. 


76 

un.        Forbear,  sax.  To  stop,  cease,  delay,  to  abstain  from, 

to  omit,    ance  er  ing.    un  ing. 
un.        Forfeit,  f.  To  lose  by  some  fault,  offense,  or  crime. 

ed  er  ing  ure  able,    un  ed. 
re.         Fund,  f.   Stock  or  capital,  money,  income,  abund 

ance.    re  ed  ing. 
un.        Furl,  f.  To  draw  up,  to  contract  as  sails,    ed  ing. 

un  ed. 
un.        Generous,  Generosiis.    Being  of  honourable    birth, 

noble,    liberal,   bountiful,     ly  ness.    un  ly. 

Genus  from  Gigno. 
un.         Genteel,  f.  Polite,  well  bred,  easy  in  manners  and 

behavior,     ly  ness.    un  ly.     Genus,  a  race 

or  kind. 
un.        Gentle,  Genus.  Well  born,  mild,  tame,  meek,  not 

violent.    man,ly  ness.    un  man,ly  ness. 
un.         Grant,  norm.  To  admit  as  true  what  is  not  proved, 

to  allow,  to  yield,  give  or  concede,    ed  or  ee 

ing  able,    un  ed. 
un.        Greet,  sax.  To  address   with  expressions  of  kind 

wishes,  to  salute,    ed  er  ing.     Gratus,  favor. 
in.         Gratitude,  Gratitudo.  An  emotion  of  the  heart  to- 
wards   a   benefactor,    excited    by   a   favor. 

Gratus,  a  favor,  grateful. 
un.        Hazard,  f.   Chance,  accident,  danger,  peril,  to  ex- 
pose   to    chance,      ed   er  ing  ous,ly    able. 

un  ed. 
un.        Health,  from  heal.  That  state  in  which  all  the  parts 

of    a   living    body   are    sound.     ful,ly,ness 

y,ness,ly  less,    un  ful,ness  y,ness,ly. 
un.        Heed,  sax.  To  mind,  to  regard  with  care,  caution, 

care,    ed  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.    un  y  ed 

ing  ful. 
un.        Hesitate,  Haesito.  To  stop  or  pause,  to  be  in  doubt 

or  suspense,    to    stammer.     ing,ly  ion   tant 

tancy.    un  ing,ly.     Haereo,  to  stick. 
dis.        Honest,  f.  and  Honor.  Upright,  just,  fair  in  dealing, 

frank,  sincere,    ly  y.    dis  ly  y. 
un.        Hope,  sax.  A  desire  of  some  good  accompanied 

with  some  expectation.    To  desire,     ed  ful,- 

ly,ness  less,ly,ness  ing,ly.  un  ed  ful. 


77 

on.        Infest,  Infesto.  To  trouble  greatly,  to  disturb,  annoy 

or  harass,    ed  er  ing  ation.    un  ed. 
Infringe,  /nfringo.  To  break  as  a  contract,  to  violate 

or  transgress,    ed  er  ing  ment.     Frango,  to 

break. 
un.        Injure,  f.  To  hurt  or  wound,  to  damage,  to  make 

worse,     ed   er  ing  y,ous„ly„ness.     un  ed. 

Jus,  right  or  legal. 
self.       Indulge,  Tradulgeo.  To  permit  to  be,  to  suffer,  not  to 

check,     ed   er   ing  ence   ency   entjy.    self 

ence. 
un.        Insult,  /nsultus.  The  act  of  leaping  on,  gross  abuse 

offered  to  another,  insolence,    ed  er  ing,ly 

ation.     un  ed.     Salio,  to  leap. 
un.        Interrupt,  Riiptus,  a  breaking,  Inter,  between.    To 

stop  or  hinder  by  breaking  in  upon,  to  im- 
pede  motion.    ed,ly  er  ing  ion.    un  ed,ly. 

Rumpo,  to  break. 
Invent,  f.  /nvenio.  To  find  out   something  new,  to 

devise  or  contrive,    ed  er  ing  ion  ive  or. 
re.         Iterate,  Itero.  To  repeat,   to  utter  or  do  a  second 

time,    ed  ing  ion  ive.    un  ed.    Iterum,  again. 
over.     Jealous,  f.  Fearing  rivalship.    y  ly  ness.     over. 
co.         Jur4or,  Jurator.  One  who  serves  on   a  jury.    4ist.  co 

fix.     Jus.  legal. 
out.       Knave,  sax.  Originally  a  boy,  or  servant,  now  used 

for  a  false,  deceitful,  dishonest  person,    ry 

ish,ly,ness.    out. 
un.        Lament,   Lainentor.    To    mourn   or   grieve,  to  be- 
wail, to   regret,    ed  er   ing  able  ably  ation. 

un  ed. 
mis.       Lead,  sax.  To  guide  by  the  hand,  to  conduct,  or  go 

before,  to  induce,  er  ing.    mis  er  ing. 
un.        Learn,  sax.  To  gain  knowledge  of,  to  acquire  skill, 

to  receive   intelligence.      ed,ly,ness  ing  er 

un  ed,ly. 
il.  Legible,  Legibilis.  That  may  be  read,  that  may  be 

discovered.     tbly  ness  (bility.     z7  tble  tbility 

4bly.     Lego,  to  read  or  choose. 
inter.     Link,  dan.  A  single  ring  of  a  chain,  to  unite,    ed 

ing.    inter. 

7* 


re.         Loan,  sax.  The  act  of  lending,  that  which  is  lent. 

ed  ing.    re  ed  ing. 
un.        Maim,  f.  To  deprive  of  the  use  of  a  limb,  to  injure, 

cripple,  or  disable,    ing  ed,ness.    un  ed. 
un.        Mean,  sax.  Wanting  dignity,  base.     Also  the  mid- 
dle point;  also  to  have  in  mind  or  intend. 

ing  ly  ness.    un  ing. 
dis.       Member,  Membrum.    A  limb   of  animal  bodies,  a 

clause  or  part  of  a  discourse,  an  individual 

of  community,     ed  ship,  dis  ed  ing  ment. 
ante.     Meridian,  f.  At  mid-day,  a  circle  in  the  heavens. 

tonal,ly,ity.    ante. 
re.         Mold,  sax.    1.  Soft   earth.     2.    To   shape.     3.  To 

cover  with  mold,    ed  ing  able  y,ness  er,ing. 

un  ed. 
un.        Molest,  f.  To  trouble,  disturb  or  render  uneasy,    ed 

er  ing  ful  ation.    un  ed. 
un.        Muffle,  d.  To  cover  from  the  weather,  to  blindfold. 

ed  er  ing.     un. 
self.      Murder,  sax.  To  kill  a  human  being  unlawfully,  ed 

er  ess  ing  ous,ly.    un  ed. 
re.         Murmur,  Murmur.    A  low  sound,  to  complain,  to 

grumble,    er  ing,ly  ous.    un  ed  ing. 
Need,  sax.    Want,  necessity,  a  state  that  requires 

aid  or  relief,     ed  er  ful,ly  ing  y,ly,ness  less,- 

ly,ness. 
self.       Neglect,  JVegdectus.  To  omit  by  carelessness  or  de- 
sign,  to   postpone,     ed   er   ful,ly  ing,ly  ion 

ive.    self.     iVec-lectus,  not  choosing. 
un.        Neighbor.  An  inhabitant  of  the  same  vicinity,    ly,- 

ness  ing  ship  hood,    un  ly. 
un.        Notice,  Notitia.  Observation  by  any  of  the  senses, 

civility,   respect,    remark,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

Nosco,  to  know. 
post.     Nuptial,  Nuptialis.    Pertaining  to  marriage,    post. 

Nubo,  to  marry. 
un.        Nurture,  f.  To  feed,  nourish,  bring  up  or  educate. 

Food  or  diet,     ed  ing.     un  ed.     Nutrio,  to 

nurse. 
in.         Opul(ent,  Opulentus.    Wealthy,   rich,   affluent,     ly 
ence.    in  ,ent. 


79 

un.  Pain,  sax.  An  uneasy  sensation,  labor,  toil,  to  dis- 
quiet. ful,ly,ness  ed.  un  ed  ful.  Paena, 
pain. 

im.  Palpable,  f.  Perceptible  by  the  touch,  coarse,  plain, 
obvious,  ness  4bly  4bility.  im  ,bility.  Palpo, 
to  touch  or  feel. 

un.  Pardon,  f.  To  forgive  an  offence,  to  remit  a  penalty, 
forgiveness,  ed  er  ing  ably  able,ness.  un 
ed  ing  able  ably. 

im.        Permanent,  Permanens.  Durable,   lasting,  remain- 
ing unchanged.   cence  (ency  ly.   im.    Maneo, 
to  abide. 
Pierce,  f.  To  penetrate,  to  thrust  a  way  into,  to 
enter  or  effect,    ed  er  ing,ly,ness  able. 

im.  Pious,  Pius.  Godly,  religious,  due  respect  for 
parents,    ly.    im  ly  ness. 

un.  Pity,  f.  The  feeling  excited  in  one  person  by  the 
distress  of  another,  sympathy,  having  tender 
feelings.  ful,ly,ness  ed  able,ness  less.ly,- 
ness.  un  ed  ful,ly  ing. 

inter.  Pledge,  f.  Something  put  in  pawn,  a  surety,  to  de- 
posit,   ed  er  ee  ing.    inter. 

un.  Poet,  f.  and  Poeta.  The  author  of  a  poem,  one 
skilled  in  poetry,  ess  ize  ic,al„ly  ress  ry. 
un  ic,al,,ly. 

un.  Pollute,  Polluo.  To  defile  or  make  unclean,  to  pro- 
fane or  violate.   ed,ly,ness  er  ing  ion.  un  ed. 

un.  Prince,  f.  A  sovereign,  the  ruler  of  a  nation,  son  of 
a  king,    dom  like  ly,ness  ess.    un  ly. 

im.  Proba4ble,  Probabilis.  Likely,  having  more  evidence 
than  the  contrary,  that  may  be.  ,bly  (bility. 
im  <bly  tbility.  Probo,  to  prove,  from  probus, 
honest. 

un.  Profit,  f.  Any  gain  or  pecuniary  advantage,  to  im- 
prove, ed  ing  less  able,ness  ably,  un  ed 
able,ness  ably. 

im.  Proper,  Proprius.  Particularly  suited  to,  fit,  correct, 
just,  one's  own.  lyness.   im  ly.    Prope,  near. 

un.  Provoke,  Provoco.  To  make  angry,  to  offend,  to  call 
into  action,  ed  er  ing,ly  able,  un  ed  ing. 
Voco,  to  call. 


80 

un.        Prune.  To  lop  off  superfluous  branches,  to  dress  or 

trim,     ed  er  ing.    un  ed. 
Public,  Publicus.  Pertaining  to  a  nation,  common, 

open  to  common  use,  the  general  body  of  a 

nation,    ly  ity  ness. 
un.         Punish,  Punio.  To  affect  with  pain,  to  chastise,  to 

pain,     ed  er  ing  ment  able,ness.     un  ed  ing. 

Poena,  punishment,  pain. 
un.         Quench,  sax.  To  extinguish,  to  put  out,  to  destroy. 

ed    er     ing    less     ably,      un   ed  able,ness 

ably.^ 
un.         Quell,  sax.  To  curb  or  subdue,  to  quiet,  to  allay,  to 

restore  to  peace,    ed  er  ing.    un  ed. 
un.         Question,  f.  and  quaestio.  The  act  of  asking,  inquiry, 

the  subject  of  dispute.     able,ness  ary  ed  er 

ing   ist   less,     un   able,ness    ably    ed    ing. 

Quaero,  to  ask. 
un.         Quick,  sax.  Swift,  hasty,  active,  brisk,  alive,  to  re- 
vive.   en,er,ing,ed  ly  ness.     un  ened. 
un.         Ransack,  dan.   To  search  thoroughly,  to  pillage,  to 

violate,    ed  ing.     un  ed. 
mis.      Rate,  Ratus.  Price  or  amount  stated  or  fixed  on  any 

thing,  tax,  settled   allowance,  ratio,     ed  er 

able  ably.     mis.     Reor,  to  judge  or  think. 
un.        Real,  Realis.  Actual  existence,  true,  genuine,  not 

fictitious,    ity  ize,ed,ing,ation.    un  ity.    Res, 

a  thing. 
un.        Refute,  Refuio.  To  disprove  and  overthrow  by  argu- 
ment,   ed  er  ing  al  able  ation.    un  ed. 
co.         Regent,  Regens.      Ruling,    governing,    exercising 

authority,    ess  ship.  co.    Rego,  to  rule,  Rex, 

a  king. 
un.        Regret,  f.   Grief,  sorrow  of  mind,  remorse,  to  grieve 

ted  ting  ful,ly. 
un.         Repeat,  Repeto.    To   do,    make,    attempt   or   utter 

again,     ed.  er  ing,    un  ed. 
un.        Reprieve,  f.    To  respite  after  sentence  of  death,  to 

suspend  execution,     un  ed  able. 
Un         Retaliate,  iietalio.    To  return  like  for  like,  to  repay 

by  an  act  of  the  same  kind,    ed  ing  ion  ory. 

Talis,  such  like. 


81 

un.        Revile,  Re  and  vile.  To  reproach  with  opprobrious 

language,     ed  er  ing,ly.    un  ed. 
un.        Roll,  d.  To  move  by  turning  on  the  surface  like  a 

wheel,  to  inwrap,  to  spread  with  a  roller. 

ed  er  ing.    un  ed  ing. 
un.        Scorn,  sp.   Extreme   contempt,  to  despise,     ed  er 

ful,ly,ness  ing. 
un.        Screen,  f.   Any  thing  that  separates  or  cuts  off,  a 

shelter,  to  sift  or  riddle,    ed  ing.  un  ed. 
un.        Shackle,  sax.    To  chain,  to  fetter,  to  tie  or  bind  the 

limbs,     ed  ing.    un  ed  ing. 
un.         Shade,  sax.  The  cutting  off  the  rays  of  light,  ob- 
scurity, a  shadow,  to  hide,    ed  er  y,ness  ing 

ow,ed,ing,y.     un  ed  owed, 
un.        Shield,  sax.  A  broad  piece  of  defensive  armor,  a 

buckler,  any  defence,  to  cover  or  secure. 

ed  ing.    un  ed. 
un.        Shrink,  sax.   To  draw  back  into  less  compass,  to 

shrivel,  to  recoil,  to  express  fear,    ing  age. 

un  ing. 
un.        Shroud,  sax.  A  shelter  or  cover,  the  dress  of  the 

dead,  a  winding  sheet,  to  take  shelter,    ed 

ing  y.    un. 
un.        Skill,  sax.    A  familiar  knowledge   of  any   art  or 

science    united  with    dexterity   in  its   ap- 
plication,    ed    ful,ly,ness.     un    ed   ful,ly,- 

ness. 
un.        Solicit,  Solicito.    To  ask  with  some  earnestness,  to 

seek  by  petition,  to  try  to  obtain,     ed  or  ress 

ous,ly  ude  ing  ation.    un  ed  ous. 
inter.     Space,  f.   Room,  extension,  distance  or  interval,  a 

short  time,     ful  ious,  ly,ness.    inter. 
mis.      Spell,  sax.    To  form  words  with  proper  letters,  to 

take  another's  place,  a  charm,    ed  er  ing.  mis 

ed  ing. 
mis.       Spend,  sax.    To  lay  out,  dispose  of  or  part  with,  to 

pass  as  time,  to  waste,    er  ing.    mis  er  ing. 
un.         Study,     >  Studium.  Application  of  the  mind  to  some- 
Student,  S  Studens.         thing,  meditation,  variously 

used,   er  ous,ly,ness  ed.    un  ed  ous.   Studeo, 

to  study. 


82 

un.  Success,  Successus.  The  favorable  termination  of 
any  purpose.  ful,ly,ness  ion  ive,ly,ness  less,- 
ly,ness  or.  un  ful,ly,ness  ive.  Cedo,  to 
yield,  to  depart. 

un.  Tame,  sax.  To  make  gentle,  to  domesticate,  to 
civilize,  to  subdue,  spiritless,  ed  er  ing  less 
able,ness.    un  ed  able. 

un.  Tarnish,  f.  To  sully,  to  soil,  to  lose  lustre  or  be- 
come dull,    ed  ing.    un  ed. 

un.  Tax,  f.  A  rate  or  sum  of  money,  to  lay  or  impose 
on,  or  assess  a  sum,  to  charge  or  censure, 
ed  er  ing  able  ation.    un  ed. 

over.  Tedious,  Taedium.  Wearisome,  tiresome,  slow- 
ness,   ly  ness.    over.     Taedet,  it  wearieth. 

un.  Thank,  sax.  To  express  gratitude  for  a  favor,  ed 
ful,ly,ness  ing  less,ness.    un  ed  ful,ly,ness. 

un.  Trouble,  f.  To  agitate  or  disturb,  to  perplex  or 
tease,  affliction,  calamity,  ed  er  some,ly,- 
ness  ing  ous.    un  ed. 

mis.  Understand,  Under  and  stand.  To  know  or  compre- 
hend, to  have  the  same  ideas  as  the  person 
who  speaks,  to  learn,  er  ing,ly  able.  mis. 
ing. 

un.  Urge,  Urgeo.  To  press,  drive  or  impel  forward,  to 
press  by  motives,  to  importune,  ed  er  ing 
ncy  nt,ly.    un  ed. 

un.  Varnish,  f.  A  thick  glossy  liquid,  an  artificial  cover- 
ing, a  fair  external  appearance,  to  cover,  ed 
er  ing.     un  ed. 

re.  Verberate,  Verbero.  To  beat  or  strike,  ion.  re  ed 
ing  ion  ory. 

un.  Vex,  Vexo.  To  irritate,  or  make  angry  by  little  pro- 
vocations, to  plague,  fret  or  to  harass,  ation 
atious,ly,ness  ed  er.  un  ed. 
Verd^ant,  Viridans.  Green  like  grass,  fresh,  flourish- 
ing. 4ancy. 
Verb,  Verbum.  A  word,  a  part  of  speech  expressing 
action.    al,ly,ity,ize  atim. 

un.        Virtue,  Virtus.    Moral   goodness,    or   excellence — 
various  senses,    less  oso  ous,ly,ness  al,ity,- 
,  ly.    un  ous. 


83 


SECTION  XVIII. 

Fifth  Exercise. 

un.  Actuate.  To  put  into  action,  to  move  or  incite,  ed 
ing  ion.     un  ed.     Ago,  to  do ;  actum,  done. 

all.  Abhor,  .AMiorreo.  To  hate  extremely,  to  loathe, 
despise  or  detest,  rer  red  rence  rency  rent, 
ly.     all  red.     Rule  5. 

super.  Angel,  gr.  and  Angelus.  A  spirit,  a  messenger  sent 
from  God.     ic,al,,ly,,ness  age.     super  ic. 

peri.  Ap,helion,  gr.  apo  from,  helios  the  sun.  That  point 
of  a  planet's  orbit  most  distant  from  the  sun. 
peri. 

semi.  Aperture,  Apertum.  The  act  of  opening,  an  opening 
semi.     Aperio  to  open. 

peri.      Apo,gee,  gr.  Apo  from  ge  the  earth.     That  point  in 
a  planet's  orbit  most  distant  from  the  earth. 
peri. 
Assiduous,  .Assiduus.  Constant  in  application,  atten- 
tive,    ly  ness  tity.     sedeo,  to  sit. 

anti.  Asthma,  gr.  Shortness  of  breath,  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing,    tic.     anti  tic. 

un.  Authentic,  f.  Having  a  genuine  original,  true,  genu- 
ine.    al,ly,ness  ate, ed, ion, ing  ly  ity  ness. 

ant.*  Arctic,  gr.  Northern  constellation  called  the  Bear. 
ant. 

un.  Bail,  f.  To  set  free  from  arrest,  to  bail  water  from 
a  boat,  a  person  who  procures  the  release  of 
a  prisoner,     able  er  ed  ee  ment  bond,  un  ed. 

semi.     Barbarian,  Barbarus.   A  man  in  a  savage  state,  semi. 

un.  Benign,  Benignus.  Kind  disposition,  generous,  fa- 
vorable,   ant  ity  ly.    un. 

un.  Blight,  sax.  A  disease  incident  to  plants,  to  blast, 
ed.   un. 

fore.  Bode,  sax.  To  portend  or  foreshow,  an  omen,  ment 
fore  er  ing  ment.    unfore  ing. 

*  For  anti. 


84 

in.  Canton,  It.  A  small  portion  of  land,  or  division  of 
a  territory,     al  ing  ed  ize  ment.  in. 

un.  Canvass,  f.  To  examine  returns  of  votes,  to  seek, 
to  debate,    ed  er  ing.    un  ed. 

over.  Captious,  Captiosus.  Disposed  to  find  fault,  apt  to 
cavil,    ly  ness.     over.     Capio,  to  take. 

omni.  Carnivorous,  Caro  flesh,  and  voro  to  devour;  hence, 
Eating  or  feeding  on  flesh.    (acity.     omni. 

anti.  Catholic,  gr.  Universal  or  general,  not  bigoted,  a 
papist,    al  ism  ize  ly  ness.    anti. 

un.  Cause,  Causa.  The  reason  or  motive  that  urges, 
that  which  produces  an  effect,  sake,  ac- 
count, to  produce,  ed  less,ly,ness  er  ing 
able  al,ty,ity,ly  ation  ative,ly  ator.  un  ed. 
Challenge,  norm.  A  calling  upon  one  to  fight  in 
single  combat,  a  claim,  to  invite  to  a  trial, 
ed  er  ing  able,    un  ed. 

un.  Class,  Classis.  An  order  or  rank  of  persons,  a  number 
of  students,  a  scientific  division,  to  place  in 
ranks.    ic,al,,lyify,ing,edific, ation.    un  ic,al. 

anti.  Climax,  gr.  A  figure  of  rhetoric,  in  which  the  sen- 
tence rises  more  forcibly,     anti. 

in.  Commute,  Commxxto.  To  exchange  one  thing  for 
another,  to  atone,  al  ation  ative,ly  able  abil- 
ity,    in  able  ably  ability,     un  ed. 

ac.         Complice,  It.  A  confederate   in  some  unlawful  act. 
ac.     Plico,  to  fold  together. 

un.  Comprise,  f.  To  contain  or  include,  ed  er  ing  al. 
un  ed. 

un.  Confiscate,  Corcfisco.  To  adjudge  to  be  forfeited  to 
the  public  treasury,  ed  ing  ion  or  ory  ble. 
un  ed.     Fiscus,  a  great  money-hag. 

un.  Conjugal,  Conjugalis.  Belonging  to  marriage,  ly. 
un.     Jugum,  a  yoke. 

un.         Conjugate,  Conjugo.  To  join,    ed  ion.     un  ed. 

Conspire,  Conspire  To  agree  or  combine  by  oath 
to  commit  a  crime,  to  plot,  er  ing,ly  ant  ator 
ation  acy. 

un.  Corrode,  Corrodo.  To  eat  away  by  degrees,  to  prey 
upon,  ed  ing  ent  iate  ible  ibility.  un  ed. 
Corros  ion  ive,lv,ness. 


85 

anti.      Cosmetic,  gr.  Beautifying,  improving  beauty.    al,ly. 

anti. 
de.        Coy,  f.  Modest,  reserved,  shy.     ish  ly  ness.     de  ed 

ing.     unde  ed. 
re  un.    Cross,  w.  A  gibbet,  to  transverse,  ill-humored,     ed 

ing  ly  ness.     re  ed  ing.     un  ed. 
re.         Crude,  Crudus.  Raw,  not  cooked,  in  a  natural  state, 

rough,  harsh,  undigested,     ly  ness  ity.     re 

ency  escence  escency  escent. 
en.        Danger,  f.   Peril,  risk,  exposure  to  injury  or  loss. 

less  ous,ly,ness.     en  ed  ing  ment. 
un.        Defile,  f.  To  make  unclean.  Also,  a  narrow  passage. 

ed  er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 
pre  un.  Design,  Designo.  To  delineate  a  figure,  to  project, 

to  plan,     er  ing  less,ly  ful,ness  ed,ly  ate,ed, 

or,ive,ing,ion.     un   ed,ly,ness   ing.    pre   ed 

ing.     Signum,  a  sign. 
un.        Dilate,  Dilato.  To  expand,  enlarge,  or  widen,     ed 

ing  or  ble  ion  bility.     un  ed.     Latus,  broad. 
in.         Dilatory,  f.  and  Latus.  Drawing  out ;  hence  slow, 

late,  tardy,     ly  ness.     in. 
un.        Dilute,  Zhluo.     To  wash,  to  render  more  liquid, 

make  thin  or  weak,     ed  er  ing  ion  <ent. — 

un  ed. 
in.         Dignity,  Dignitas.  True  honor,  nobleness  of  mind, 

rank  or  elevation.     (fy,ed, cation,     in.     Dig- 

nus,  worthy. 
un.        Diploma,  gr.  A  writing  giving  authority,  privilege, 

or  honor,     cy  tic  tist.     un  tic. 
un.        Divorce,  f.  A  legal  dissolution  of  the  marriage  con- 
tract,    ed  er  ing  ive  ment.     un  ed.     Di  and 

verto. 
Discard,  Sp.  To  dismiss,  to  cast  off  or  reject,     ed 

ing  ure. 
Distrain,  Distringo.  To  seize  for  debt,  to  rend  or 

tear,     ed  or  ing  able. 
Discomfit,  f.  To  rout  or  defeat,  to  scatter  in  flight. 

ed  ing  ure. 
un.        Drama,  gr.  A  composition  representing  a  picture  of 

human  life.     tic,al„ly  tist  tize.     un  tic,al. 
8 


86 

noct.  Di,umal,  Diurnus,  dies  or  diu.  Daily,  pertaining  to 
the  day.     noct. 

un.  Domestic,  Domesticus.  Belonging  to  the  house,  liv- 
ing in  retirement,  tame.  al,ly  ant  ate,ion. 
un  ated.     Domus,  a  house. 

un.        Elicit,  £licio.  To  draw  out  or  bring  to  light,  to  de- 
duce,    ed  ing  ate,ion. 
Emblem,  gr.  To  represent  by  similar  qualities,  allu- 
sive picture.     atic,al,,ly  atist  ize,ed,ing. 

un.  Encounter,  f.  A  meeting  in  contest,  a  single  combat, 
a  fight,  to  meet  face  to  face,  ed  er  ing. 
un  ed. 

un.  Enhance,  norm.  To  raise  or  advance,  to  increase  or 
aggravate,     ed  er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 

en.  Epi,demic,  gr.  Epi,  upon;  Demos,  the  people ;  pop- 
ular or  general  disease,     en. 

un.        Excise,  ivrcisum.  An  inland  duty,  to  lay  a  duty  on 
goods  used  or  consumed,     ed  man  ing  able. 
un  ed. 
Exile,  Exilium.  Banishment,  one  sent  into  banish- 
ment,   ed  ing  ment. 

re.  Expatriate,  f.  To  banish,  to  quit  one's  country,  ed 
ing  ion.     re.     Patria,  a  country. 

im.        Ex,pedite,  Expeiio.  To  hasten  or  quicken  motion, 
speedy,    ly  ion  ive  ious,ly. 
Impede,  ed  ing  iment,al.     Pes,  a  foot. 
Expostulate,  .Expostulo.  To  reason  earnestly  with  a 
person,     ed  ing  ion  or  ory,    Postulo,  to  ask, 
from  Posco,  to  demand. 

anti.  Fanatic,  Fanaticus.  Wild  and  extravagant  in  opin- 
ions. al,ly,ness  ism  ize.  anti.  Fanum,  a 
temple. 

subter.  Febri,fuge,  Febris,  a  fever,  and  Fugio,  to  flee ;  hence 
the  import,  removing  fever,     subter. 

ef.  Florid,  Floridus.  Abounding  with  flowers,  flushed 
with  red,  a  stile  enriched  with-figures.  ity  ly 
ness.     Flos,  a  flower. 

un.  Foil.  To  frustrate,  defeat,  or  render  vain — various 
senses,    ed  er  ing  able,    un  ed. 

out.  Frown,  f.  To  express  displeasure  by  contracting  the 
brow,  to  repel,  a  stern  look,    ed  ing,ly.    out, 


87 

be.  Gloom.  Obscurity,  partial  or  total  darkness,  aspect 
of  sorrow.    y,ly,ness.     be. 

pro.  Gnostic,  gr.  Literally  knowing  or  having  knowledge 
of,  a  sect  of  philosophers,  ism.  pro  able 
ate,ed,ing,ion,or. 

un.  Harbor,  sax.  A  lodging,  a  port  for  ships,  a  place  of 
safety,  to  shelter,     ed  er  ing  less,     un  ed. 

pro.       Im,mintent,  In,  and  Minens.  Hanging  in  a  threaten- 
ing manner ;  hence,  hanging  over,  or  impend- 
ing.   <ence.    pro.    £encetency4ent,ly. 
Imply,  i/wplico.  To  infold  or  involve,  to  contain  by 

inference.    ed,ly  ing  cate,ed,ing,ion,ive,,ly. 
Inculcate,  i/iculco.  To  impress  by  frequent  admoni- 
tions, to  teach,    ed  ing  ion.     In  and  calco,  to 
drive  in,  from  calx,  the  heel. 

inter.    In,cipi,ent,  iwcipiens.  Beginning,  commencing.   ,en- 
cy.    inter.    Capio,  to  take. 
Ingenious,  Jwgeniosus.  Possessed  of  genius,  prompt 
to  invent,  skilful,    ly  ness.     Gigno,  genitus. 

re.  Ingratiate,  In-gratia.  To  commend  one's  self  to  an- 
other's good  will  or  kindness,  ed  ing.  re 
ed.     Gratus,  grateful. 

un.        Intercept,  f.  To  take  or  seize  on  by  the  way,  to  stop 
on  its  passage,    ed  er  ing  ion.     un  ed.     Ca- 
pio, to  take. 
Invidious,    /rcvidiosus.    Envious,    provoking    envy, 

hateful,    ly  ness.    Video,  to  see 
Ignorant,  Zg-norans.  Destitute  of  knowledge,  unin- 

structed.  ly  4ance. 
Lecture,  Lectura.  A  discourse  read  or  pronounced, 
to  instruct  by  discourses,  ed  ing  er  ship. 
Lego,  to  read  or  choose. 
Masculine,  Masculinus.  Having  the  qualities  of  a 
man,  strong,  robust,  coarse,  bold,  ly  ness. 
Mas,  a  male. 

re.  Masticate,  Mastico.  To  chew,  to  grind  with  the 
teeth,    ed  ing  ion  ory.    re  ed  ins:  ion. 

inter.  Medium,  Medium.  That  through  which  something 
passes,  the  middle,    inter. 

un.  Merchant,  f.  A  man  who  carries  on  trade  with  for- 
eign countries,  one  who  buys  and  sells  goods 


88 

able  man  ly  like,    un  able.    Merceor,  to  buy, 

from  Merx,  mercis,  merchandize. 
over.     Mischief,  f.    Harm,  hurt,  injury,  damage,  evil,  to 

hurt,    (f  changed  to  v.)    ous,ly,ness.    over 

ous. 
re.         Model,  Modus.  A  pattern  of  something  to  be  made, 

to  form,    ed  er  ing.    re  ed  ing. 
re.         Nascent,  Nascens.  Beginning  to  exist  or  grow.    re. 

Nascor,  to  be  born. 
e.  Nucleus,  Nucleus.  A  kernel  or  nut.    e.    Nux,  nucis, 

a  nut. 
Occasion,  Occasio.  Opportunity,  accidental  cause,  to 

produce,    able  al,ly  ed  er  ing.    Cado,  to  fall. 
dis.       Orient,  Oriens.  Rising  as  the  sun,  eastern,  bright. 

al,ism,ist,ity.    dis  ated. 
im.        Paca<tion,  Paco.    The  act  of  appeasing,    im  {ble. 

Pax,  peace. 
un.        Palliate,  f.  To  clothe,  to  cover  with  excuse,  to  con- 
ceal, to  lessen,    ed  ing  ion  ive.     Pallium,  a 

cloak. 
anti.      Paralytic,  gr.  Affected  with  palsy,  weak,  trembling. 

anti. 
un.        Patent,  Patens.  Open,  expanded,  a  writing  by  proper 

authority  granting  certain  privileges,    ed  ing 

ee.    un  ed. 
semi.    Pellucid,  Pe/lucidus.    Perfectly  clear,  transparent. 

ity  ness.    semi.     Lux,  light. 
Penal,  f.  Enacting  punishment,  subject  to  a  penalty 

ty  ity.     Poena,  punishment. 
un.        Pension,  f.  An  annual  allowance  of  a  sum  of  money 

by   government,     ed   er   ing   ary.     un  ed. 

Pendeo,  to  hang  from. 
ante.      Penult,  Penultimus.  The  last  syllable  of  a  word  ex- 
cept one.    ima  imate.    ante.    Pene,  almost ; 

ultimus,  the  last. 
com.     Peregrinate,  Peregrinor.    To  travel  from  place  to 

place,    ion  or.    com.    Ager,  agri,  afield. 
Perfidy,  Perfidia.  The  act  of  violating  faith,  treach- 
ery.   ous,ly,ness.    Fides,  faith. 
im.        Peril,  It.    Danger,  risk,  hazard,  jeopardy,  to  be  in 

danger.    ous,ly,ness.    im. 


89 

anti.      Poison,  f.  A  substance  which,  when  taken  into  the 

stomach,  destroys  life ;  infectious,  malignant. 

ed  er  ing  ous,ly,ness  ful  able.     anti. 

n.        Portray,  f.   To  paint  or  draw  the  likeness  of  any 

thing,    ed  er  ing.    un  ed  (y  is  not  changed.) 

de.  Predial,  Praeda.  Pertaining  to  prey,  practicing  plun- 
der.    4atory4aceous.    Je.ate,ed,ing,ion,ory. 

anti.  Prelate,  f.  A  dignitary  of  the  church,  a  bishop, 
ship  ic,al,,ly  4cy.    anti  ical.     Pre  and  Latus, 

™  from  Fero. 

de  Privation,  Privatio,  Privus.    The  act  of  removing 

something  needed,  the  state  of  being  de- 
prived. tive,ly,ness.  De-privo,  to  take  from, 
ed  er  ing  ment  able  ation.    unde  ed. 

un.        Privilege,  Privilegium.    A  peculiar  benefit  enjoyed 
by  one  or  more  beyond  others,     ed  ing.     Pri- 
vus and  lege,  from  lex,  lav). 
un 

omni.  Prolific,  Proles-Facio.  Making  fruitful,  producing 
an  abundance.     al,ly  ness  ation  acy.     omni. 

un.  Promulge,  Promulgo.  To  publish,  teach,  or  proclaim, 
ed  er  ing  ate,ed,or,ing,ion.    un  ated. 

anti.      Puritan,  Purus.    A  dissenter  from  the   Church  of 
England,     ic,  al„ly  ism  ize.    anti. 
Punctual,  f.  Exact,  done  at  the  exact  time,     ist  ity 
ly  ness. 

com.  Pupil,  Pupilla.  The  apple  of  the  eye.  Pupillus,  a 
scholar,     age  ary.    com. 

im.        Pregnable,  f.  That  may  be  taken  by  force,    im. 

en.  Ravish,  f.  To  seize  and  carry  away  by  violence,  to 
delight  to  ecstacy.  ed  er  ing,ly  ment.  en. 
ed  ing  ment. 

arch.  Rebel,  .Rebellis,  and  Rebello.  One  who  revolts 
from  the  government,  also  to  revolt,  led  ler 
ling  lion  lious,ly,ness.    arch.     Bellum,  war. 

un.  Reciprocate,  Rcciproco.  To  interchange,  to  alter- 
nate, ed  ing  ion  (l,ly,ness.  un  ed.  Capio, 
to  take. 

inter.    Reign,  Regno.  To  possess  sovereign  power,  to  rule 
as  a  king,    ed  er  ing.    inter. 
8* 


90 

un.        Reprimand,  f.  To  reprove  severely,  to  chide  for  a 
fault,  a  reproof,    ed  ing.    un  ed. 
Requisite,  Requisitus.    Required  by  the  nature  of 
things,  necessary,    ly  ness.    quaero,  to  ask. 

ir.  Rigation,  Rigatio.  The  act  of  watering,    ir.    Rigo, 

to  water. 

un.  Righteous,  sax.  Just,  according  to  the  Divine  law, 
justified,    ly  ness.    un  ly  ness. 

cor.  Robortant,  Roborans.  Strengthening.  4ation.  cor. 
4ant  4ate,ed,ing,ion,ive.     Robur,  oak. 

un.  Romantic.  Pertaining  to  romance,  wild,  fanciful. 
al,ly  ness.     Romance  ed  er  ing.    un. 

un.  Ruminate,  Rumino.  To  chew  the  cud ;  hence,  to 
muse,  meditate,  ponder,  ed  ing  ion  or. 
tin  ed. 

all.  Sagacious,  sagax.  Quick  of  scent,  quick  of  thought, 
acuteness  of  discernment,    ly  ness^ty.    all. 

un.  Saint,  f.  and  Sanctus.  A  person  sanctified,  a  holy 
person  or  Christian,  ed  ess  ly  like  ship. 
un  ed. 

en.  Sample,  Exemplum.  A  specimen,  example,  or  in- 
stance,    er.    en. 

un.  Savor,  f.  Taste  or  odor,  an  agreeable  quality,  to 
taste  or  smell.  y,ly,ness  less  ly.  «ny,ly,ness. 

un.         Season,  f.  A  fit  or  suitable  time,  a  particular  time, 
a  part  of  the  year,  to  become  mature — va- 
rious senses,     ed  er  ing  able,ness  ably,    tin 
ed  able,ness  ably. 
Sedate,  Sedatus,  Sedeo.    Settled,  composed,  calm. 

ly  ness  ive. 
Sedition,    )  Seditio.    A  factious  or  tumultuous  as- 
Seditious,  $      sembly.    ary.    ly  ness. 

un 

be.         Siege,  f.    The  setting  an   army  before   a  fortified 

place,     be  ed  er  ing.    unbe  ed. 
un 

en.        Shrine,  sax.  A  case  or  box  particularly  for  sacred 

things,     en  ed  ing.    unen  ed. 
un 

be.        Smear,  sax.  To  overspread  with  any  adhesive  mat- 


91 

ter,  to  pollute,     ed  ing  y.    be  ed  er  ing. 

unbe  ed. 
un.        Smooth,    sax.     Having   an   even    surface,   evenly 

spread,  glossy,     ed  er  en  ly  ness.     un. 
be.         Sot,  f.    A  stupid  person,  a  blockhead,  an  habitual 

drunkard.    tish,ly,ness.    be  ted,ly,ness  ting. 
be.         Spangle.  A  small  plate  of  shining  metal,  as  an  or- 
nament,   ed  ing.     be  ed  ing. 
anti.      Spasm,  Spasmus.  An  involuntary  contraction  of  the 

muscles,    odic.    anti  odic. 
un.        Speculate,  Speculor.  To  meditate,  to  purchase  goods 

with  a  view  of  gaining    a   profit,     ion  ist 

ive,ly,ness  or  ory.    un  ive. 
re.         Stagnate,  Stagno,  Stagnum.    To  cease  to  flow  or 

move,  to  become   dull,     ion  4ant4ancy.     re 

ion  4ant. 
un.        Staunch,  )  sax.  To  stop  the  flowing  of  blood,  sound, 

Slanch,    $      firm,     ed  er  ing  less  ness.    un  ed. 
inter.     Stellar,    )  Stellaris.  Pertaining  to  the  stars,  y.  inter. 
con.       Stellate,  $  Stella.  A  star,    ed  ing  ion.    con  ion. 

Supersede,  Super-sedeo.  To  make  void  or  useless 

by  superior  power,  to  come  in  the  room  of. 

ed  ing  ure.     Sedeo,  to  sit. 
un.        Surprise,  f.  To  come  or  fall  upon  suddenly,  to  con- 
fuse,   ed  ing,ly  al.     un  ed. 
un.        Sustain,  Sustmeo.    To  bear,  uphold  or  support,  to 

assist,    ed  er  ing  able,    un  ed.    Teneo,  to 

hold. 
Symbol,  Symbolum.   The  sign  of  any  moral  thing 

by  images  or  properties  of  natural  things,  an 

emblem,    ic,  al,,ly  ism  ize,ation,ing. 
Syn,opsis,  gr.  A  general  view  of  the  principal  parts. 
Terse,  )  Tersus.  Cleanly  written,  neat,    ly  ness. 

J  Deterge,  Dctergo.  To  cleanse,  ed 

ent  ing. 
super.  Terrene,  Terrenus,  Terra.  Pertaining  to  the  earth. 

super. 
extra.    Territory,  Territorium.    A  tract  of  land  under  the 

dominion  of  some  state.  al,ly.    extra     al. 
mono.  Theo,machy,  gr.   Theos,  God,  and  Mache,  to  fight ; 

hence,  fighting  against  the  gods.    ist.    mono, 


92 


SECTION  XIX. 
Sixth  Exercise. 

N.  B.  Many  legitimate  derivative  forms  are  designedly 
omitted  on  account  of  their  rare  occurrence  in  standard 
authors. 

un 

ad  con  per.  Abjure,  A&juro.  To  renounce  upon  oath,  to  re- 
cant, ed  er  ing  ment  ation  atory.  con 
er  ed  ing  ment  ation  atory.  Juro,  to 
swear. 

an.  Accent,  .Accentus.  To  utter  words  by  a  particu- 

lar stress  of  voice,  ed  ing.  un  ed.  Ac- 
centu  al  ate  ation.     Cano,  to  sing. 

all  un.  Admire,  Admxxox,  admiratio.    To  regard  with 

wonder,  ed  er  ing,ly  able,ness  ability 
ation  ative.  un  ed  ing.  all  ing.  Minis 
wonderful. 

un.  Achieve,  f.  To  perform,  execute,  finish,  or  gain, 

ed  er  ing  ment  able  ance.    tin  ed  able. 

re  un.  Adorn,  Adoxno.  To  deck  or  ornament,  to  make 

pleasing,     ed  ing  ment.    un  ed.    re. 

un  Appall,  ^ppalleo.    To  depress  with  fear,  dis- 

mayed,    ed  ing  ment.    un  ed. 

in  un.  Artificial,  Ars-facio.  Made  by  art,  feigned,    ly 

ity  ness.    in  ly.    un  ly. 
sub 

ad  con  re.  A,stringe,  Astringo,  astringens.  Binding,  con- 
tracting, to  compress,  ed  ent  ing  ency. 
sub  ent.     ad  ent.     Stringo,  to  bind. 

all  un.  Atone,  Atone.  To  expiate,  to  agree,    ed  er  ing 

ment.    un  ed  able,     all  ing. 
un  re 

de.  At,tach,  f.  To  take  by  legal  authority,  to  bind, 

adhere  or  fasten  to.  ed  ing  able  ment. 
re  ment.    un  ed.    de  ed  ing  ment. 

contra.  Circum.vallate,  CircumvaWo.  To  surround  with 

a  rampart,    ion.    contra  ion.     Vallo,  to 
;  fortify. 


93 


in  mis  ex     Cite,  Cito.  To  call  upon  officially,  to  quote,    er 

mis  fore  ess  al  ation  atory.    ex  ant  able  ate  ation 

~  ative  atory  ed  ment  er.     unex  ed.     mis 

ation.  in  er  ed  ant  ing  ation  ment  ability. 

Cieo,  to  move,  or  incite. 

con  in  un.  Coagulate,  Coagulo.  To  congeal,  curdle,  or  con- 
crete, ed  ing  ion  ive  or  ble  bility.  un 
ed  ble.    in  ble.    con  ed  ing  ion. 

in.  Coerce,  Coerceo.  To  restrain  by  force,  to  com- 

pel, ed  ible  ing  ion  ive,ly.  in  ible. 
Con-arceo,  to  restrain. 

dis  con.  Color,  Color.  The  property  inherent  in  light, 
to  dye,  to  alter,  ed  able  ably  ist  less 
ate  ation  ature  ific.  dis  ed  ing  ation. 
undis  ed. 

ob  soli  ambi  Col,loquy,  Colloquium.  A  dialogue  or  confer- 

anti  ence.     al  st.     al.     Loquor,  to  speak. 

circum  al. 

mis  pre  self.  Conceit,  It.  Imagined,  notion,  fancy.  ed,ly, 
ness  less.    pre.    self  ed,ness. 

un.  Condemn,  Condemno.  To  pronounce  guilty  or 

wrong,  er  ed  ing  able,  un  ed.  Con- 
demnat  ion  ory.     Damnus,  hurt. 

un.  Confine,  Corafinis.  The  border  or  edge,  to  limit 

or  bound,    er  ed  ing  ment  less,    un  ed, 
ly  able.     Finis,  the  end. 
self  over 

dif.  Con,fide,  ConMo.  To  trust  or  rely  on,  to  com- 

mit to.  ed  er  ent,ly,ness  ence  encial.ly. 
over  ence.  self  ence  ent  ing.  dif  ence 
ent,ly.     Fides,  faith,  trust. 

all  re  un.  Conquer,  f.  To  subdue  or  gain  by  force,  to  over- 
come, or  ess  ing  ed  able,ness.  un  ed 
able.ness.    re  ed  ing.    all  ing. 

dis  in  un.  Console,  Consolor.  To  comfort  or  alleviate  grief, 
ed  er  able  ate,ion,orkory.  un  ed  ing.  in 
able  ably,  dis  ate,ly,ness,ion  ancy.  So- 
lor,  to  comfort. 


94 


un 
circura. 


un. 


in  un 


un. 


in  un. 


in. 


after  self. 


in  un. 


un. 


Constant,  Constans.  Fixed,  firm, certain, steady, 
ly  cy.  un.  in  ly  cy.  Sto,  to  stand; 
con,  together. 

Consummate,  Consummo.  To  end,  finish  or 
complete,    ed  ing  ion  ly.    un.    Summus. 

Contend,  Contendo.  To  strive,  dispute,  or  quar- 
rel, ed  er  ing  ent.  un  ed  ing.  Content 
ion  ious,ly,ness. 

Contest,  f.  To  dispute,  strive,  or  contend,  a 
strife.  ing,ly  less  able,ness  ation.  uned 
able,    in  able  ably.     Testis,  a  witness. 

Contiguous,  Ct/ntiguus.  Touching,  meeting,  ly 
ness,ity.    inpxis.    Tango,  to  touch. 

Convict,  Coravictum.  To  prove  guilty,  to  con- 
vince, or  confute,  ed  ing  ion  ive,ly. 
self  edion.    after  ion.  Vinco,  to  conquer. 

Converse,  Cowversor.  Familiar  discourse,  de- 
portment, ablemess  ably,  un  able,  in 
able.  Conversat  ion,ed,ist  ive.  Verto, 
to  turn. 

Counterfeit,  f.  To  forge  or  imitate,  to  feign  or 
dissemble,  er  ed  ly  ness.  un.  Facio, 
to  make. 


ac  dis.  Credit.  Belief,  reliance,  trust,  to  believe,     or 

ed  ing  able,ness  ably  rix.    dis  ed  able 

over  in  un.  ing.     ac  ed  ing  ation.     unac  ed.     un  ed 

able,ness.  Credul  ous,ly,ness.  in  ity 
ous,ness.  over  ous.  Credi  ble,ness 
bility.  in  ble,ness  bly  bility.  Credo, 
to  believe. 

re  in.  Curve,  Curvus.  Bending,  crooked,  winding,  ed 

ing  ity  ated  ation  ature.  in  ate,ed,ing, 
ion  ity.     re  ed  ous  ate,ion. 


dis  un 


Custom,  f.  Frequent  or  common  use,  to  make 
familiar,  ed  er  able,ness  ably  ary,ness, 
ly.  ac  ed,ness  ing  ance  ary,ly.  disac 
ed.     unac  ed.  , 


95 

pre.  Decease,  Decessus.   Departure  from  this  life, 

to  die.    ed  ing.    pre  ed.    Cedo,  to  yield. 

un.  Decipher,  f.  To  explain  what  is  written  in  ci- 

phers, to  unravel,    edering.   wraedable. 

un.  Despair,  f.  and  Desperatus.   A  hopeless  state, 

without  hope,    er  ing,ly  able  ful.  un  ing. 
Spes,  hope. 

pro  un  De,test,  Z)etestor,  detestatus.   To  abhor,  abom- 

inate, ed  er  ing  able, 

ness  ably  ation.     un  ed.     pro  ed  er  ing 
ation  ant,ism,ly.     De  and  Testis. 

un.  Defray,  f.  To  pay  expenses,  to  discharge,     ed 

er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 

in.  Desert,  Desertus.  An  uninhabited  waste,  to  for- 

sake, deserving  good  or  evil,    er  ed  ing 
,ion  ful  less,ly  rice  rix.     in.     De  and 
sertus,  from  sero,  to  sow. 
un 

pro.  De,tect,  .Detectus.  To  uncover,  find  out  or  dis- 

cover,    ed  er  ing  ion.     un  ed.     re  ion. 

pro  ed  or, ship  ing  ion  ive  ress  orate. 

Tego,  to  cover. 
in.  Doctrine,  Doctrina.    Truths  of  the  gospel,  or 

other  truths.     al,ly.     in  ate,ed,ing,ion. 

Doceo,  to  teach. 
in.  Efficacy,  _E/ficacia.  Power  to  produce  effects. 

ous,ly,ness.     in  ous,ly,ness.     Facio,  to 

make. 
in  un.  Elastic,  f.  Rebounding  like  a  ball,  flying  back. 

al,ly  ity.     un.     in  ity. 
dis.  Embroil,  f.  To  involve  in  troubles,  to  perplex. 

ed  ing  ment.     dis  ed  ing. 
co  pre.  Emption,  Emptio.    The   act   of  buying,     pre. 

Emo,  to  buy. 
dis  un.  En, chant,  f.  To  practice  sorcery,  to  delight,   ed 

er  ing,ly  ment  ress.     un  ed.     dis  ed  er 

ing.     Cano,  cantum,  to  sing. 
after.  Endeavor,  norm.  To  exert  physical  or  mental 

power,  an  attempt,    ed  er  ing.     after. 
un.  Envy,  f.  To  feel  uneasiness  in  view  of  another's 


96 

un.  prosperity,    ing  ed  er  ous,ly  able,    un  ed 

ous. 

inter  Equinoctial,   Equus-nox.    Pertaining  to  equal 

day  and  night,     ly.     inter. 

un.  Equity,  ^Equitas.    Strict  justice,  right,     able, 

ness.     un  able.     Equus,  equal. 

un.  Essay,  f.  To  try  or  attempt,  a  trial  or  experi- 

ment,    ed  er  ing  ist.     un  ed. 

dis  mis  sell.  Esteem,  f.  To  set  a  value,  to  prize,  ed  er  ing 
able,     dis  ed  ing.     self.     iEslimo. 

in  mis  self.  Estimate,  iEslimo.  To  judge  of  the  value  of  any 
thing,  or  ed  ing  ble,ness  ion  ive.  self 
ion.     dis  ion. 

un.  Exert,  .Eaertus.  To  thrust  forth,  emit,  put  forth 

or  do.     ed  ing  ion.     un  ed.     Ex-sero. 

in  un.  Expert,  .Expertus.  Experienced,  skilful,  prompt, 

ly  ness.     un.     in.     Perior,  to  try. 

un.  Explore,  Ex\)\oro.  To  search  for  or  pry  into,  to 

view  with  care,  ed  ing  ment  ation  ator 
atory.     un  ed. 

dis.  Ex,plode,  £xplodo.  To  burst  with  force,  to  re- 

ject, ed  ing  er.  dis  ed  ing.  Explos 
ion  ive.  dis  ion  ive.  Plaudo,  to  make 
a  noise  by  clapping  hands. 

un.  Expend,  -Earpendo.  To  lay  out,  disburse,  use  or 

consume,  edingiture.  un  ed.  Expense 
ful,ly  less  ive,ly,ness.     un  ive. 

pro.  Ex,pound,  £;rpono.  To  explain,  lay  open,  or  in- 

terpret, ed  er  ing.  pro  ed  er  ing.  Ex- 
posit  ion  ive  or  ory.     Pono,  to  place. 

un.  Extirpate,  .Eztirpatus.  To  pluck  up  by  the  roots, 

to  remove,     ed  or  ing  ion  ble.     un  ed. 

in  un.  Extinguish,  Extmgao.    To  put  out,  quench,  or 

destroy,  ed  er  ing  able  ment.  un  ed 
able  ably,     in  able. 

dcxxa.  Fault,  f.    An  error,  mistake,  or  blunder,     y  ed 

er  ful  ily  iness  ing  less,ness.  un  y.  de 
ed  er  ing. 

un 

in.  Flame,  Flamma.  A  blaze,  fire,  ardor,  rage,   less 


97 


ing,ly  y.     Flamma  We  bility.    Inflamma 

tion  ble  bility  bleness  tory.     unin. 
de  in  inter    Foliate,  Foliatus.  To  spread  over  with  a  thin 
extra  supra  coat  of  tin,  to  furnish  with  leaves,     ed 

tri.  ing  ion  ure.     inter,     in.     de  ion.    extra 

ceous.     Folium,  a  leaf. 
all  un.  Forgive,  sax.  To  pardon,  remit  or  overlook,    en 

ness  er  ing.     un  en  ing.     all  ing. 
unin 

con.  Genial,  Genialis.  That  which  causes  to  produce, 

cheering,     ly.     con  ness   ity.      uncon. 

incon  ity.     Genus,  a  race,  from  Gigno. 
extra  poly.    Genus,   Genus.    A   class   of  several  species, 

plants  of  the  same  sort,     extrageneus. 
ag.  Grieve.    To  give  pain  of  mind,  to  afflict,  to 

mourn,     ed  er  ing,ly  ous,ly,ness.     ag 

ed  ing.     Gravis,  heavy. 
ag.  Group,  f.  A  cluster  or  crowd,     ed  ing.     ag  ed. 

un.  Harass,  f.  To  weary,  fatigue,  or  tease,     ed  er 

ing.     un  ed. 
un.  Harm,  sax.  To  damage  or  injure  in  any  way. 

ed  ful,ly,ness  ing  less,ly,ness.     un  ed. 
contra.  Impetus,  impetus.    Force  of  motion,     contra 

Impetu4ous,ly,ness;osity.     Peto,  to  seek. 
dis.  Incarcerate,  Incarcero.  To  imprison  or  put  in 

jail.     ion.     dis  ion.     Career,  a  prison. 
un 

en.  In,dorse,  Indorsum.  To  write  on  the  back  of  a 

paper,  to  assign,     able  ee  er  ment.     en 
ment.     un  ed.     Dorsum,  the  back. 

over  un.        Industry,  Industria.  Habitual  diligence.  ous,ly. 
un  ous.     over  ous. 
ex 

af  con  suf    In,flate,  Znflatus.  To  fall  with  the  breath,  to  swell 
dif  per.  ed  ing  ion.    suf  ion.    exsuf  ion.   per  ble 

re         ion.     af  us  ion.     Flo,  to  blow. 

inter.  In,sert,  /nsertus.    To  thrust  in,  to  set  among 

ed  ing  ion.     re  ed  ing  ion.     inter  ion 
Sero,  to  sow. 
9 


98 

sub  super.  Institute,  Instituo.  To  establish,  enact,  found, 
or  begin,  ed  ing  or  ist  ive  ion,al,ary. 
super  ion.     In  and  sto,  to  stand. 

re.  Insurrection,    /rcsurgo,    insurrectum.     Rising 

against  civil  authority,  al  ary.  re. — 
Surgo,  to  rise. 

super  un.  Intend,  /ntendo.  To  mean  or  to  design,  to 
stretch  in.  ed,ly  er  ing  ant  ment.  un  ed. 
super  ed  ing  ent  ence  ency.  Intentus,  In- 
tent ion,al,ly,ed  ive,ly,ness  ly  ness. 

dis  re.  Inter,  f.  To  bury  or  cover  with  earth,    ed.    dis 

ed.     In  and  terra,  the  earth. 

re  un.  Interrogate,  Interxogo.  To  question,    ed  ing  ion 

ivedyorory.    re.    Rogo,  to  desire  or  beg. 

un  dis       dis 


en.  In,thrall.  To  enslave,  to  shackle,    ed  ing  ment. 

dis  ed  ing  ment.    en  ed  ing  ment.    disen 

ed  ing  ment.     unen  ed. 
ex  sub.  In,undate,  Zmmdatus.  To  overflow,  to  deluge. 

ed  ing  ion.    sub  ion.     Unda,  a  wave. 
un.  Investigate,   Tnvestigo.    To   search   into  with 

care,     ed  ing  ion  or  ble  ive.     un  ble. 

Vestigium,  a  footstep. 
un.  Invite,  Invito,  invitatio.    To  ask,  allure,  or  in- 

duce,   ed  er  ment  ing,ly,ness  ation  atory . 

un  ed. 
pre.  Intimate,  Intimatus.   Near,  familiar,  inmost,  to 

hint,    ed  ly  ing  ion  cy.    pre  ion.    Intus, 

within. 
ex.  Intricate,  Intricatus.   Perplexed,  obscure,  en- 

tangled,   ly  ness  ion  cy  ex  ed  ing 

ion  ble.     Tricae,  an  impediment. 
re.  Lease,  f.   A  letting  of  lands  and  tenements  for 

a  certain  time,      ed  er  ing  hold,     re  ed 

er  ing  ment. 
ex.  Legislate,  Legis-latum.  To  make  or  enact  laws. 

ion  ive  ure  rix  ress  or, ship,     ex  or. 
il.  Legitimate,  f.  and  Legitimus.   To  make  lawful. 

ly  ness  ion  cy.     ?7ionlycy.     Lex  legis, 

law. 


99 


pre.  Libation,  Libatio.  The  wine  poured  out  in  honor 

of  a  deity,     pre.     Libo,  to  taste. 
un 

il  Lustrate,  Lustro.    To  make  clear  or  pure,  to 

view  or  survey,     ion.     il  ed  ing  ion  ive, 

ly  or.     vnil.  ed. 
un(forunus,  Magn,animous.   Magna,  great;  animus,  mind. 
one)  equ.  ly.     un  ly. 

im.  Manacle,  f.   Handcuffs,  shackles,     ed  ing.     im 

ed  ing.      Manus,  a  hand. 
dis.  Mantle,  sax.   A  kind  of  cloak,  to  cloak  or  cover. 

ing.     dis  ed  ing. 
bi.  Manu(al,  Manualis.   Performed  by  hand,  a  small 

book.    <ary.    fo'-manous.   Manus,  a  hand. 
counter  de.    Mark,  sax.  A  visible  line,  to  note  or  distinguish, 

evidence,    ed  er  able,    counter,    un  ed. 

de-markation. 
inter  re  un.   Marry,  f.  To  unite  in  wedlock,     ed  able  age, 

able,  mm  ed  able,   reeding,    inhered  ing 

age. 
dis  over.       Mast,  sax.  That  which  holds  the  sails  of  a  ship. 

ed.     dis  ed  ing  ment.     over  ed. 
inter  un.        Meddle,  d.  To  interpose,  or  having  to  do  with, 

to  handle,     ed  ing  some,ness.     un  ed 

ing.     inter  er  ing. 
a.  Meliorate,  f.  and  Melior.  To  make  better,  to  im- 

prove,   ed  ing  ion.    a  ion.    Bonus,  good. 
im  e  sub.      Merge,  Mergo.   To  bury  under  water,     er.     e 

ent  ence  ency.    im.    sub  ed  ing.    Mers 

ion.    e  ion.    im  ed  ing  ion.    sub  ed  ion. 
un.  Molest,  f.  To  trouble,  disturb,  or  render  uneasy. 

ed  er  ing  ful  ation.     un  ed. 
un 

a  be.  Muse,  Musa.  A  song,  one  of  the  nine  sisters, 

deep  thought,  er  ful  less,  be  ed.  a  ed  er 
ment  ing,ly  ive,ly.     una  ed  ing  ive. 

inter.  Mutual,  Mutuus.  Interchange,  given  and  receiv- 

ed,    ly  ity.     inter. 

do.  Narcotjc,  gr.   Causing  stupor,  inducing  sleep. 

al,ly  ness.     denize. 


100 


counter.        Negotiate,  Negotior.  To  transact  business,    ed 
ing  or  ion  ble  bility.     counter  ion.    Ne- 
un  gotium,  business ;  nec-otium,  not  ease. 

re.  New,  sax.   Lately  made — various  senses,     ly 

ish  ness.    re  al  ed,ly,ness  ing.    unre  ed. 

dis  un.  Obey,  f.  To  comply  with  the  commands  of  an- 

other, to  yield  to.     ed  er  ing.     un  ed. 
dis  ed  ing. 

pre  re  un.  Obtain,  Oitineo.  To  get  or  gain,  to  succeed, 
ed  er  ing  ment  able,  un  ed  able,  re  ed 
ing  able,     pre  ed.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

semi.  Opaque,  Opacus.  Dark,  not  transparent,    ness. 

semi. 

dis  un.  Own,  sax.  Belonging  to,  to  have  the  legal  right, 

ed  er.ship  ing.     un  ed.     dis  ed  ing. 

de  un.  Oxygen,  gr.  A  substance  which  generates  acid. 

ate,ed,ing,ion  ize,ed,ing,ment.     un  ated 
ized.     de  ate,ed,ing,ion. 

un.  Parallel,  gr.  Running  in  accordance  with  some- 

thing,    ly  ism  less  ogram,ic„al.     un  ed. 

im.  Partial,  Pars.  Biased  to  one  party,  to  favor  with- 

out reason,     ist  ity  ize  ly.     im  al,ly. 

co.  Partner.   One  who  shares  with  another,  an  as- 

sociate,    ship,     co  ship. 

im.  Passive,  Passivus.   Suffering,  not  acting,    ly  ity 

ness.     Patior,  to  suffer. 

anti  co  com.  Patriot,  f.  A  person  who  loves  his  country,  ic 
ism.    com.    co.    anti  ic.    Pater,  a  father. 

de  dis.  Pauper,  Pauper.  A  poor  person,    ism.    dis.   de 

ate,ed,ing. 

ad  ob  in.  Pen,umbra,  Pene-umbra.  A  partial  shade  or  ob- 
scurity,    in  te.     ob  te,ion.     ad. 

de.  Perdition,  Perditio.  Entire  loss  or  ruin,    de  ion 

Per  and  do. 

im  un.  Perforate,  Perforo.    To   bore    or  make   holes 

through,    ed  ing  ion  ive  or.    un  ed.    im 
ed  ion  ble. 

un.  Perform,  Per-formo.    To  do,  execute,  or  dis- 

charge,   ed  ing  er  ance  able,    un  ed  ing. 

im.  Person,  Persona.  An  individual  man  or  woman, 


101 

some  one.     al,ly,ity  age  able  ate,ion,or 
un         ize  ify,ed,ing,cation.    im  al,ly,ity  ate.ed. 

tran.  Per,spire,  Per-spiro.  To  evacuate  fluids  of  the 

body  through  the  pores  of  the  skin,  able 
ability  ation  atory  ative.  un  able,  trans 
able  ing  ation. 

semi  un.  Petrify,  Petra-facio.  To  convert  to  stone,  to 
make  callous,  ed  ing  cate,ion.  un  ed. 
Petrifaction  ive.     semi  ion. 

de.  Pletho.ry,  gr.  Fullness  of  blood.     (ra(ric(retic. 

de  depleo,  depletion. 
Pliant,  f.    That  may  be  easily  bent,  flexible, 
ness.     Plia^ble^bility^bleness.  Pli- 

co,  to  fold. 

counter  com  Plot.  Any  scheme,  to  contrive,  a  small  extent 

under.  of  ground,    ted  ter  ting,    com  ted  ter  ting 

ment.     counter  ting,     under. 

dis  im  un.  Plume,  f.  and  Pluma.  The  feathers  of  a  fowl, 
token  of  honor,  pride,  less,  un  ed.  im 
ed  ous.     dis  ed  ing. 

re  un.  Polish,  f.  To  make  smooth,  refinement  in  man- 

ners,    er  ing  ed,ness  able  ment.    un  ed. 

dis  super      Praise,  commendation  bestowed,    ed  er  ful  less 

self  un.  able  ing  worthy ,ly,ness.     un  ed.    super, 

dis  ed  er  ing,ly  ible. 

un.  Profane,  Profanus.  Irreverent  to  any  thing  sa- 

cred, to  pollute,     ed  er  ing  ly  ness  ity 

un  ation.     un  ed.     Fanum,  a  temple. 

com  un  fore  Promise,  Promissum.  Declaration  made  by  one 
person  to  another,  ed  er  ing  ee  sory,ly. 
uraing.    com  eder  ing  sorial.    uncom  ing. 

re  Pro  and  mitto,  to  send. 

im  re  un.  Print,  w.  To  impress  letters  or  figures — vari- 
ously used,  ed  er  ing  less,  un  ed.  re 
ed  ing.     im  ed  ing.     reim  ed  ing. 

im  un.  Propitiate,  Propitio.  To  conciliate,    ed  ing  ion 

or  ory  ble.  Propitious  ly  ness.  un  ous, 
ly.     im  ous. 

ir  un.  Recover,  f.  To  gain  any  thing,  to  obtain,    ed  or 

ing  ee  able.  ?/nedable.  ?rable,ness  ably. 
9* 


102 

mis  out  un.  Reckon,  sax.  To  count,  compute,  esteem,  con- 
clude,    ed  er  ing.     tin  ed.     out. 

un.  Rebuke,  norm.    To  chide,  reprove,  restrain,  or 

punish,    ed  er  ing  ful,ly  able,    un  able. 

un.  Replenish,  norm.  To  fill,  to  finish,  to  complete, 

ed  ing.     un  ed.     Plenus,  full. 

un.  Request,  .Requisitus.  Expression  of  desire,  pe- 

tition,   ed  er  ing.  un  ed.    Quaero,  to  ask. 

non.  Resemble,  f.    To  bear  the  likeness  of,  in  any 

respect,  able  ance  ed  ing.  non  ance. 
Similis,  like. 

un.  Respite,  f.  Temporary  intermission,  delay,  to 

suspend,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

un.  Restore,  2?estauro.  To  give  back,  replace,  or 

heal,    ed  er  ing  ment  al  able  ation  ative. 

un  un  ed. 

in.  Retrench,  f.  To  cut  off,  to  pare  away,  lessen  or 

abridge,    ed  ing  ment.    in  ed  ing  ment. 

unin  ed. 
ad  a    con.     Restrict,  i?estrictus.  To  limit,  to  confine  within 

bounds,    ed  ing  ion  ive,ly.   con  ed  ing  or 

ion.    as  ed  ing  ion  ive  ory.    ad  ion  ory. 
ir  un.  Retrieve,  f.  To  recover,  regain,  or  repair,     ed 

ing  able,     ir  able,ness  ably, 
super  un.      Reward,  norm.  To  give  in  return  either  good  or 

evil,    ed  er  ing  able,ness.    un  ed.    super. 
dis  en  un.     Robe,  f.  A  kind  of  gown,  a  loose  garment,  to 

dress,     ed.    un.    dis  ed  ing. 
mis  dis  un 


com  Re,pute,  ReyuXo.  To  think,  to  account  or  reckon. 

un  ed,ly  ing  less  able,ness  ably  ation.     un 

^  able,    mis  ed.    dis  able  ation.    com  ed  er 

ist  ing  able  ation.  miscom  ation.  im  ed  er 

ing  able,ness  ation  ative,ly.     unim  able, 
circum.         Rotajy,  Rota.  Turning  as  a  wheel  on  its  axis. 

tte,ed,ion,ive,ory.     circum  ^ion. 
super  un.      Royal,  f.  Kingly,  noble,  magnificent,     ly  ty  ist 

ism  ize.    un.    super. 
super.  Sali(ent,  Saliens.    Leaping,  moving  by  leaps. 

super  tendency.    Salio,  to  leap. 


103 

un.  Sanction,  Sanctio.  Ratification,  to  ratify  or  con- 

firm, ed  ing.  un  ed.  Sanctus,  from 
sancio,  sacred. 

super  un.  Secular,  f.  Pertaining  to  things  of  this  world, 
ity  ize,ed,ing,ation  ness  ly.  un  ize.  su- 
per.   Seculum,  the  world,  an  age. 

un  re.  Settle,  sax.  A  seat  or  bench,  to  fix  or  establish, 

to  fall  to  the  bottom.  ed,ness  ment  ing. 
un  ed,ness  ing.     re  ed  ing. 

dis  un.  Sever,  f.  To  part  by  violence,  to  separate.   al,ity, 

ize,ly,ty  ance.    un  ed.    dis  ed  ing  ance. 

un.  Slumber,  sax.  To  sleep  lightly,  sloth,  supine- 

ness.    er  ing  ous  y.     un  ing. 

un.  Steady,  sax.   Firm,  constant,  regular,  to  keep 

from  shaking,    ly  ness.    un  ly  ness. 

ob.  Stupefy,  Stupefacio.  To  make  stupid,  dull,  to 

blunt  the  perception,  er  ing  ^action 
4active.  o54action4active.  Stupeo,  to  be 
senseless. 

un.  Supplant.  To  undermine,  to  trip  up  the  heels, 

ed  er  ing  ation.  un  ed.  Planta,  the 
sole  of  the  foot. 

pre.  Suppose,  tS^positus.  To  state  what  may  be,  to 

imagine,  al  able  ed  er  ing  ition,al  itive, 
ly  itory.  pre  al  ed  ing  ition.  Pono,  to 
place. 

over  re  un.  Supply,  Sw^pleo.  To  furnish  what  is  wanted,  to 
fill,  ed  er  ing  ment.  un  able,  re  ed 
pre  over.    Pleo,  to  fill.     Rule  2. 

pre.  Sur,mise,  norm.   To   suspect   without  certain 

knowledge,   suspicion,     ed   er   ing  al. 

pre.    pre. 
non  over.      Sur,plus,  f.  Sur,  lat.  Plus.    An  excess   of  any 
super.  thing,     age.     super  age.     over.    non. 

super.  Terrestrial,  Terrestris.  Pertaining  to  the  earth. 

ly.     super.     Terra,  the  earth. 
un.  Till,  sax.  To  cultivate  the  ground,    able  age  er 

ing  ed.    un  ed. 
un.  Tire,  sax.  To  weary  or  fatigue.    ed,ness  some, 

ness  ing.    un  ed  ing. 


104 


uri 

en  in  un.  Tomb,  f.  and  Tumulus.  A  grave  or  vault  for  the 
dead.  less.  un.  in  ed  ing.  en  ed  ing. 
unen  ed.    Tumeo,  to  swell. 

super.  Tragic,  gr.  and  Tragicus.    Pertaining  to  tra- 

gedy, mournful. al,ly,ness.  super  al. — 
Tragedy  an. 

semi.  Transparent,  Trans-pareo.  Admitting  a  passage 

for  light,  open.  tency4ent,ly,ness.  semi 
4ent(ency. 

mal.  Treat,  f.  To  manage,  to  discourse,  an  entertain- 

ment,    ed  er  ing  y  ment  ise,er  able  ably. 

ir  mal  ed  ing  ment. 

re.  Turn,  sax.    To  change    the    course — various 

senses,     ed  er  ing  ery.     re  ed  er  ing 

less  able,     irre  able. 
e.  Vanish,  Vanesco.  To  disappear,  to  pass  away. 

ed  ing.    e  vanesc  ence  ent. 
over  un.        Veil,  Velum.  To  cover  or  hide,  a  cover  of  any 

kind,    un  ed,ly.    over. 
anti.  Varioloid,  lat.  Variolae  and  gr.  eidos.  A  varied 

form  resembling  small-pox. 
in.  Vinci(ble,  Vinco.  That  may  be  overcome,  ness. 

?n4ble,ness(bly. 
re  un.  Visit,  Visito.  To  come  to  see,  to  attend,  the  act 

of  going,     ed  er  ing  ant  able  ation  orial 

atorial.    un  ed.     re  ed  ing  ation.    Viso, 

from  video,  to  see. 
un.  Vital,  Vitalis.   Pertaining  to  life,  either  animal 

or  vegetable,     ity  ize  ly.    un.    Vita,  life. 
un.  Vitiate,  Vitio.  To  injure  the  substance  of  any 

thing,  to  make  it  impure,     ed  ing  ion. 
un  .       un  ed.     Vitium,  vice. 

fore  un.  Warn,  sax.  To  give  notice  of  approaching  dan- 
ger, to  caution,  ed  er  ing.  un  ed.  fore 
ed  ing.    unfore  ed. 

over.  Whelm,  sax.  To  cover  with  water  or  other  fluid, 

to  overburden,     ed  ing.    over  ing,ly. 

semi.  Metalloid.  Resembling  a  metal,  in  some  respects 

like  a  metal,    semi. 


105 


over  un. 
un 
un. 
un. 


UD. 


un. 

un. 

un. 

un. 

mis  un. 

re 

after 

in 

mis  un. 

re. 

un.  a. 

Awe,  dan.    Fear  mingled  with  reverence,    ed 

ful,ly,ness.    over,    un  ed. 
Bleach,  sax.  To  whiten  or  make  white,    ed  er, 

y  ing.    un  ed. 
Blind,  sax.  Destitute  of  the  sense  of  seeing,  ed 

ing  ly  ness  fold,ed,ing. 
Candid,  Candidus.  White,  fair,  open,  frank,  free 

from  bias,  impartial,  ly  ness.    un.    Can- 

deo,  to  be  white. 
Care,  sax.  Concern,  anxiety,  solicitude,  caution. 

ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.     un     ed.     over 

ful.     Cura,  care. 
Contrite,    Contritus.    Broken-hearted   for   sin, 

humble,  penitent,     ly  ness  ion.     un. — 

Tero,tritum,  to  rub. 
Dedicate,  Dedico.  To  set  apart  and  consecrate 

to  a  sacred  use.    ed  ing  ion  or  ory.    un 

ed.    Dico,  to  consecrate. 
Mild,  sax.    Soft,  gentle,  not  acrid,  moderate, 

calm,    ly  ness.    un  ness. 
Ornament,  Ornamentum.    That  which  embel- 
lishes, to  adorn,    ed  ing  al,ly.    un  ed  al. 
Rectify,  Rectus-facio.  To  make  right,  to  correct. 

ed  er  ing  able  cation,    un  ed. 
Repine.  To  fret  one's  self,  to  murmur,  to  feel 

discontent,     er  ing,ly.    un  ing,ly. 
Shape,  sax.  To  form,  mould  or  adjust  the  form. 

ly,ness  ed  less,ness.    un  en. 

State,  Status.  The  condition  of  any  thing,  rank, 
to  express,  body  politic.  ed,ly  ly,ness 
ment.  in  ed  ing.  rein  ed  ing  merit,  after, 
un.    mis  ed  ing  ment.     Sto,  to  stand. 

Supine,  Supinus.  Lying  on  the  back,  heedless, 
indolent,    ly  ness  ator  ation.    re  ate.ion. 

Symmetry,  gr.  A  due  proportion  of  parts  ize 
icaljy  ist  ian.    un  ical.    a. 


106 

SECTION  XX. 

Seventh  Exercise. 

all.        Abandon,  f.  To  forsake  entirely,  to  renounce,  de- 
sert, or  resign, 
nn.        Abolish,  Aboleo,  abolitio.  To  make  void,  annul,  or 

destroy. 
un.        Abridge,  f.    To  make  shorter,  to  contract,  lessen,  or 

diminish.     Brevis,  short. 
un.         Adapt.  Adapto,  adaptatus.    To  make  suitable,  to  fit 

to  the  use.     Apto,  to  ft. 
un.         Addict,  Ad&\co,  acMictus.       To   apply    one's   self 

habitually  to  any  thing.     Dico,  to  dedicate. 
in.         Adequate,  ^t/equatus.     Equal   to,    fully    sufficient. 

Aequus,  equal. 
un.        Adulterate,  Adultero.  Tainted  by  adultery,  debased 

by  mixture, 
dis.       Advantage,  f.  Benefit,  to  yield  profit,  to  promote  in- 
terest, 
un.        Alleviate,  .AZlevio.    To  make   light,   to  remove   in 

part.     Levis,  light, 
un.         Ambition,  Amhiiio.  A  desire  to  excel.      Am  and  eo, 

to  go  around. 
un.         Ambiguous,  .Ambiguus.     Doubtful,    having   two   or 

more  meanings.     Am  and  ago. 
un.        Amiable,  Amabilis.  Deserving  of  love  or  esteem. 

Amo,  to  love. 
un.        Analyze,  gr.  To  resolve  a  body  into  its  elements,  to 

separate  a  compound, 
un.        Analogy,  gr.    Likeness  in  some  respects  between 

things, 
un.        Apology,  gr.  An  excuse, 
un.         Appease,  f.    To   make   quiet,    to    calm,  or   pacify. 

Pax,  pacis,  peace. 
un.        Apprise,  f.  To  inform  or  give  notice. 
un.        Arraign,  norm.   To  call  a  prisoner  to  the  bar,  to 

accuse. 


107 

un.  Assail,  f.  Ad-salio.  To  fall  upon  by  violence,  to 
attack. 

co  Belligerent,  Bellum-Gerens.  Waging  war. 

un  Benefit  Bencficium.  An  act  of  kindness,  profit. 
Bene-Facio,  to  do  well. 

un.        Blemish.    Any  mark  of  deformity,  reproach 

un.  Cancel.  To  blot  out,  obliterate,  annul,  or  cross  out. 
Cancello,  to  cut  cross-wise. 

un.         Censure,  Censura.  The  act  of  blaming,  to  blame. 

un.         Clarify,  Clarus-facio.  To  make  clear  or  purify. 

in.  Clem4ency,  dementia.  Mildness  of  temper,  merci- 
ful.    Clemens,  mild. 

in.  Commensurate,  it.  and  Commensus.  Reducible  to 
the  same  measure.     Mensura,  a  measure. 

un.  Commiserate,  Commiseor,  commiseratus.  To  pity, 
or  feel  sorrow  for.     Miser,  miserable. 

in.  Combustion,  Combustio.  A  burning,  tumult  or  up- 
roar.    Comburo,  to  burn,  from  Uro. 

in.  Competent,  Ct/mpetens.  Suitable,  fit,  adequate, 
sufficient  for. 

in.         Compatible,  f.  Consistent,  suitable,  agreeable. 

un.  Connive,  Connheo.  To  close  the  eyes  upon,  or 
overlook  a  fault.     Niveo,  to  wink. 

un.  Contumacy,  Contumacia.  Stubbornness,  obstinacy, 
unyielding.     Tumeo,  to  swell. 

in    in 

abs.  Con,tin(ence,  Continentia.  Restraint  imposed  on 
the  passions.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

un.        Deify,  Deus-facio.  To  make  a  god,  to  exalt. 

mis.       Demean,  f.  To  behave  or  conduct  one's  self. 

un.  Demolish,  Demolior,  demolitio.  To  throw  down, 
destroy,  or  lay  in  ruins.     Moles,  a  heap. 

in.  Delicate,  f.  and  Dcliciae.  Of  a  fine  texture,  nice, 
feeble. 

un.  Deprave,  Depxavo,  Jcpravatio.  To  make  bad  or  cor- 
rupt, to  impair.      Pravus,  wrong,  wicked. 

ex.  Des,ecrate,  De-sacro.  To  divert  from  a  sacred  pur- 
pose.    Sacer,  holy. 

un.  Discipline,  Zh'sciplina.  Education,  government,  cor- 
rection. Discipulus,  a  scholar,  from  disco, 
to  learn. 


108 

in.         Discriminate,  Dwcrimino.   To  distinguish  or  mark 

the  difference. 
un.        Dissemble,  Dis-similo,  dissimilatio.  To  disguise  or 

pretend  that  to  be  which  is  not.     Similis, 

like. 
un.        Dissipate,  Dissipatus.  To  scatter,  disperse,  or  drive 

asunder, 
pre.       Dominate,  Dominatus.    To   rule   over,   to   govern. 

Domus,  a  house, 
in.         Ebriety,  Ebrietas.  Drunkenness, 
un.         Equivocate,  f.  and  Equus-vocatus.  To  use  words  of 

a  doubtful  meaning.     Voco,  to  call, 
in.         Ex,hale,  i?a:halo,  exhalatio.   To  send  out  as  vapor, 

to  breathe  out.     Halo,  to  breathe. 
un.         Exhilerate,  i?;rhilero.    To  make  merry,  to  enliven, 

to  cheer.     Hilaris,  merry. 
un.        Except,  f.   To  leave  out,  to  exclude,  or  object  to. 

Ex-capio,  to  take  from. 
un.        Exorable,  £xorabilis.  That  may  be  moved  by  en- 
treaty.     Oro,  to  entreat,  os  the  mouth. 
un.         Expand,  .Ea-pando,  expansum.    To  enlarge,  spread, 

or  open, 
in.         Ex,trinsic,  Extrinsicus.  External,  outward, 
un.        Extol,  -Etftollo.  To   raise   in   words,   to  praise,  or 

eulogize, 
con.       Federate,  Federatus.  Leagued  or  united.     Foedus, 

a  covenant. 
in.         Fidelity,  Fidelitas.    Faithfulness,  honesty.     Fides, 

faith. 
un.         Frustrate,  Frustro.  To  defeat  or  disappoint, 
con.      Gratulate,    Gratulor.     To    express    joy.      Gratus, 

grateful. 
un.        Hallow,  sax.  To  make  holy,  to  consecrate. 
in.         Hearse,  f.    A   carriage  for  the   dead,  to   put  in   a 

hearse, 
un.         Humble,  Humilis.   Lowly,  meek,  modest,  to  abase 

or  subdue,  to  mortify.     Humus,  the  ground. 
in.         Hospitable,   Hospitabilis.    Kindness    to    strangers, 

kindness.     Hospes,  a  guest. 
de.        In,crease,  /ncresco.    To  become    greater  in   any 

sense. 


109 

ex.        In,liumate,  /nhumo.    To   bury  or   inter  the  dead. 

Humus,  the  ground. 
un.        Initiate,  Initio.  To  instruct  in  first  principles,  to  in- 
troduce.    Eo,  to  go. 
un.        Insulate,  Insula.  To  place  in  a  detached  situation. 
ex.         Internal,  Internus.  intrinsic. 
il.  Luxury,  Luxuria.  Extravagant    indulgence  in  any 

thing. 
im.         Maculate,  Maculo.    To   spot  or  stain.     Macula,  a 

stain. 
im.         Martial,  Martialis.    Pertaining  to  war.     Mars,  the 

god  of  war. 
un.         Mutilate,  Mutilo.  To  cut  or  break  off  as  a  limb, 
pre.       Notion,   Notio.      Opinion,    sentiment,    conception. 

Nosco,  to  knoiv. 
in.         Novation,  Novatum.  To  change  or  alter.  Novus,  new. 
in.         Nutrition,  Nutritio.  Promoting  growth,   that  which 

nourishes.     Nutrio,  to  nurse. 
pre.       Omen,  Omen.  A  sign,  indication,  prognostic, 
im.         Penitent,  Poenitens.  One  who  repents  of  his  sins, 

suffering  sorrow  on  account  of  sins.    Poena, 

punishment. 
un.        Perjury,  Perjurium.      Wilfully  making  a  false  oath. 

Juro,  to  swear. 
un.        Persecute   Persecutes.    To  pursue  to  injure,  vex, 

or  harass.     Sequor,  to  pursue. 
im.        Pertinent,  Pertinens.  Related  to  the  matter  in  hand. 

Teneo,  to  hold. 
im.         Placable,  Placabilis.  That  may  be  appeased.   Placo, 

to  appease. 
im.        Politjr,  gr.  The  form  of  civil   government.      Polis, 

a  city. 
un.        Popular,  popularis.  Beloved  by,  or  pertaining  to  the 

common  people. 
im.        Probity,  Probitas.  Tried  virtue,  strict  honesty.  Pro- 
bus,  honest. 
un.        Precarious,  Precarius.  Uncertain,  a  doubtful  tenure, 
ap.         Proximate,    Proximatus.     Nearest,   next,    drawing 

near.     Prope,  near. 
un.        Prejudice,    Prejudicium,  pre-judico.    Prejudgment, 

mischief,  damage. 
10 


110 

e.  Radicate,    Radicatus.     To   root   or    plant  deeply. 

Radix,  a  root. 
en.         Rapture,  Raptus.    Ecstacy,  transport,  a  seizing  by 

violence.     Rapio,  to  snatch. 
e.  Rasure,  Rasura.    The   act  of  scraping  or  erasing. 

Rado,  to  scrape. 
un.        Relent,  Relentesco.    To  soften   in  any  sense,  less 

rigid.     Lenis,  mild. 
un.        Refract,  iiefractus.    To  break  the  natural  course  in 

rays  of  light. 
un.        Repugnant,  Repugnans.  opposite,  contrary,  fighting 

against.      Puguus,  the  fist. 
un.        Resent,  f.  and  ivesentio.   To  take  ill,  to  be  offended. 

Sentio,  to  think. 
un.         Rescue,  norm.  To  deliver,  or  save  from, 
un.        Reserve,  Reservo,  reservatum.    To  keep  in  store, 

held  back  in  the  mind, 
ir.  Resolute,  f.   Having  a  fixed  purpose,  firm,  bold, 

un.         Reveal,  jRevelo,  revelatus.   To  disclose,  to  show  or 

make  known.     Velo,  to  cover. 
un.        Ridicule,  Ridiculum.   Contemptuous   laughter.    Ri- 

deo,  to  mock. 
in.         Salubrious,  Sahibrio.    Favorable  to  health.     Salus, 
safety,  health. 
Servile,  Servilis.   Slavish,  mean,  fawning.     Servus, 

a  servant. 
un.        Sophist,  gr.  and  Sophista.    A  professor  of  philoso- 
phy, a  captious  reasoner.     Sophia,  wisdom. 
un.         Special,  Specialis.  Particular,  extraordinary.     Spe- 

cio,  to  see. 
in.         Suavity,  Suavitas.   Sweetness  (in  its  sense),  agree- 

ableness,  pleasantness. — Suavis,  sweet. 
un.         Superfluous,   Svperfiuus,   Super-fluo.     Overflowing, 

more  than  is  needful. 
re.         Suscitate,  Suscito.  To  rouse,  to  call  into  life  or  action, 
un.         Suspicious,  Suspiciosus.   Inclined  to  suspect.    Spe 

cio,  to  look  or  see. 
un.         System,  Systema.  An  assemblage  of  things  or  prin- 
ciples adjusted,  order. 
in.         Timid,  Timidus,  Fearful,  wanting  courage.   Timeo, 

to  fear. 


Ill 

in.  Tolerance,  Tolerans.  The  power  or  act  of  doing  or 
permitting,     'folio,  to  bear  or  suffer. 

in.         Tranquil,  Tranquillus.  Quiet,  calm,  peaceful. 

bi.         UnijCorn,  Unus-cornu.  An  animal  with  one  horn. 

in.  Urbane,  Urbanus.  Civil,  courteous  in  manner.  Urbs, 
a  city. 

in.  Utility,  Utilitas.  Usefulness  (in  the  sense  of  the 
word).    Utor,  to  use. 

e.  Vacate,  Vaco,  vacuo.  Empty,  to  make  void. 

un.        Vanquish,  f.  To  conquer,  overcome,  or  refute. 

un.  Venerate,  Veneror  veneratio,  venerabilis.  To  re- 
gard with  veneration.  Oro,  to  ask,  venia, 
pardon. 

in.         Vigilance,  Vigilans.  State  of  being  awake,  watchful. 

in.  Vulnerate,  Vulnero.  To  wound,  to  hurt.  Vulnus, 
a  wound. 


SECTION  XXI. 

Eighth  Exercise. 

N.  B.  In  many  words  in  and  un,  alternate,  as  «?igrateful 
and  mgratitude — dis  and  mis,  according  to  Dr.  Webster, 
may  with  propriety  be  prefixed  to  many  words  where  they 
are  now  omitted.  The  same  is  true  of  several  other  pre- 
fixes forming  words  not  in  common  use. 

dis  in.  Abuse,  f.  To  use  ill,  improper  treatment,  or 

perverted  use.     Ab  and  utor,  to  use. 

over  super.  Abound,  Abundo,  abundans.  To  possess  much 
of,  being  very  prevalent.     Undo  (obso- 
lete).    Whence  unda,  a  wave. 
un         un 

ar  de.  Abrogate,  Abxoga.     To  repeal  or   annul,  by 

authority,  to  call  from.     Rogo,  to  beg, 

desire,  ask. 
mis  un.         Accept,  .Accepto.     To  receive  what  is  offered, 

to  consent  or  agree  to.     Capio,  to  take. 
un.  Accomplish,  f.    To  complete,   gain,  or  finish 

entirely.     Pleo,  to  fill. 


112 

un 

con  dis.  Ac,cord,  f.  To  agree  of  our  own  will,  har- 
mony of  minds.  Probably,  Cor,  cordis, 
the  heart. 

in.  Accurate,  .Accuratus.     In  exact  conformity,  in 

the  sense  used.     Cura,  care. 

re  un.  Adjust,  sp.  To  put  in  order,  to  make  exact,  to 

settle.     Jus.  legal  or  right. 
un 

con  in.  Af,flict,  .A/flic  tus.    To  give  pain  to   body  or 

mind,  to  grieve.     Fligo,  to  beat. 
co  re  under.  Agent,  Agens.    An  actor,  an  active  cause  or 

power.     Ago,  to  do  or  drive. 
dis  un.  Agree,/.   To  be  of  one  mind,  to  assent  to  or 

admit,  concordant.     Gratia,  from  gratus, 

favor. 
dis  un.  Allow,  f.    To  grant,  yield,  admit,  approve,  or 

afford.     Laus,  praise. 
inter  pre.      Al,lude,  AVlxxAo,  allusum,  to  refer  to,  to  hint  at. 

Ad  and  ludo,  to  play. 
e.  Iljude  (same  root).    To  play  upon  by  artifice, 

to  deceive,  or  mock. 
de.  Col,lude  (same  root).  To  play  into  the  hand  of 

each  other,  to  conspire  in  a  fraud, 
dis  un.  Allay.  To  make  quiet,  pacify,  or  appease. 

in  un.  Alter,   Alter,    alteratio.     To    change,    or    in 

any   respect    make    different.       Alter, 

another. 
un 

be.  A,muse,  f.    To  entertain  the  mind,  to  occupy  the 

attention.     Musa,  a  song. 
re  un.  Annex,  A?mecto.  To  join  to,  to  affix,  unite,  or 

subjoin, 
un 

e  pro.  An,nounce,  Ad-nuntio.  To  publish,  proclaim  to, 

or  pronounce,  to  declare  to.  Nuncius, 
a  messenger. 

semi  super.  Annu4al,  f.  and  Annus.  Yearly,  returning  every 
year. 


113 

un 

itn.  Ap,peach.    To  accuse,  to  censure.     Pecco,  to 

do  wrong. 
in  un.  Applicable.  Suitable,  fit,  or  proper.     Plico,  to 

fold. 
in  un.  Approach,  f.    To   come  near,  to   advance,  to 

have  access.     Prope,  near. 
dis  un.  Array,  norm.  Order  of  troops,  to  deck,  or  dress 

in  un.  Art,  Ars,    artifex,    artificis.      Modification    of 

things  by  human  skill. 
in  un.  Articulate,  Articulatus.     To  utter  words  dis- 

tinctly.    Artus,  a  joint. 
re  un.  Assemble,  f.    To  collect  in  numbers,  to  meet 

together, 
re  un.  Assert,  ^ssertum.  To  affirm,  aver,  maintain,  or 

defend.     Sero,  to  sow  or  plant. 
re  un.  Attack,  f.    To  assault   or  assail   by  force  or 

words. 
un  un 

re.  A,venge,  f.    To  take  satisfaction  for  an  injury. 

Vindex.  a  punisher. 

dis  un.  Avow,  f.  To  declare  openly,  to  own  or  confess. 

Voveo,  to  vow. 

in  pre.  Audible,  Audibilis.  That  may  be  heard.  Audio, 

to  hear. 

dis  ex  un.     Author,  Auctor.    The   writer  of  a  book,  first 
mover. 

re  un.  Baptize,  gr.  To  administer  baptism. 

over  un.        Bend,  sax.    To  crook,  incline  or  curve,  to  sub- 
due. 

out  un.  Blush,  d.   To  redden  in  the   cheeks,  reddish 

colour. 

de  en.  Camp,  Campus.  Ground  occupied  by  an  army, 

to  camp. 

in.  Cap(able,  f.     Able  to   hold,    having   sufficient 

capacity.     Capio,  to  hold  or  take. 

in  re.  Capacious,  Capax,  capacitas.  Wide,  large,  ex- 

tensive.    Capio. 

re  un.  Celebrate,  celebro.    To  praise  or  distinguish 

Celebris,  renowned, 
10* 


114 

in  un.  Chaste,  f.  Pure,  uncorrupted.     Castus,  pure. 

in  un.  Civil,  Civilis.    Relating  to  policy,  sober,  well- 

bred.     Civis,  a  citizen. 

en  out.  Compass,  f.   To  extend  around,  to  attain  or  to 

contrive. 

re  un.  Compensate,  Compenso.  To  make  amends,  to 

give  an    equivalent.      Pendo,   to  weigh 
or  pay. 
un 

dis.  Com,placent,    Complacens.    Civil,  softness  of 

manners.     Placeo,  to  please. 

in  un.  Conclude,   Coracludo,  conclusum.    To  decide, 

finish,  infer,  or  shut. 

dis  pre.  Concert,  it.  To  contrive  and  settle  an  agree- 
ment. 

in  un.  Condition,  Conditio.    Particular  state   of  any 

thing.     Do,  to  give  or  bestow. 

ir  un 

re  un.         Conciliate,  Concilio.  To  win,  reconcile,  or  gain 
the  affections.     Concilium,  a  council. 
after  mis.      Conduct,  sp.  Good  or  bad  actions,  behavior. 
in  un.  Congeal,    Ccmgelo,  congelatum.     To   become 

stiff  or  thick.      Gelu,  frost.  

dis  in.  Congru  ous,  Congruus.  Suitable,  consistent,  fit. 

Grus,  a  swan. 
reun 

de.  Con,secrate,    Consecro,  consecratus.     To   set 

apart,  or  make  sacred.     Sacer,  sacred. 

anti  non.  Contagion,  Contagio.  Communicating  by 
touch,  a  touch.     Tango,  to  touch. 

in  un.  Control,  f.    To  keep  under  check,  to  restrain, 

or  govern. 
dis 

con  in.  Corporate,  Corporatus.  United  in  a  body.  Cor- 
pus, a  body. 

in.  Corporeal.   Having  a  material  body,  opposed  to 

spirit.     Corpus. 

in  un  Corrupt,  Comiptus.    To  vitiate  in  any  sense 

Rumpo,  to  break. 

dis  en.  Courage,  f.  Bravery,  valor,  boldness. 


115 

en  tin.  Damage,  f.  Any  hurt,  injury,  or  loss,  to  harm, 

be  un.  Dazzle,  sax.  To  overpower  with  light,  to  blind 

by  glare, 
dis  re 


em.  De,bark,  f.   To  land  from  a  ship,  boat,  &c. 


un 

in.  Debt,  Debitum.   Whatever  is  owing  from  one 

to  another.     Debeor,  to  be  due. 

in.  Decent,    Decens.     Becoming   in    words,    be- 

havior, dress,  or  appearance.  Decet, 
it  becomes. 

un 

en.  Dear,  sax.  High  price,  beloved  or  precious. 

in  un.  Decide,  Decldo,  decisum.    To  end   or    deter- 

mine, to  fix.      Caedo,  to  cut  or  slay. 

de  in.  Decorous,   Decorus.    Decent,  suitable,  or  be- 

coming.    Decet,  becoming. 

in  un.  Define,  DeCmo,   Definitio.     To   determine    or 

mark  the  limit,  to  bound.   Finis,  the  end. 

re  un.  Deliver,  f.   To  free,  release,  surrender,  utter, 

or  pronounce.     Liber,  free. 

ante  post.  Deluge,  Deluvium.  An  overflowing  of  water, 
to  overwhelm. 

in  un.  Demonstrate,  Demonstro.    To  prove  beyond  a 

doubt.     Monstro,  to  show. 

un  un 

im.  De,plore,  Deploro.  To  lament,  bewail,  to  mourn, 

to  cry  out. 
un 

pre.  Destine,  Destino,  Destinatio.      To  ordain,  ap- 

point, or  devote. 

en  in.  De,velop,  f.  To  uncover,  disclose,  or  unravel. 

Velo,  to  cover  or  conceal. 

in  un.  Discern,  Discexno.    To  separate  by  the  eye  or 

understanding. 

in  un.  Discreet,  f.  Prudent  in  avoiding  evil,  cautious, 

not  rash.     Cerno,  to  discern  or  sift. 

re  un.  Discuss,  Zh'scussum.  To  debate  or  agitate  by 

argument.    Cutio,  from  quatio,  to  shake. 


116 

in  un.  Dispute,  Disputo,  disputatio.    To  contend  in 

argument,  strife. 


un 
de. 

in  over. 

dis  un. 

pre  super. 

mis  un. 

Dis,till,  DistiWo,  distillatio.  To  flow  in  drops, 
or  extract  by  heat.     Stilla,  a  drop. 

Edify,  Edifico,  edificatus.  To  build,  to  instruct 
or  improve  the  mind.    Aedes,  a  house. 
1 

Ef,face,  f.  To  blot  out,  erase,  to  impair  any  im- 
pression.    Ex  and  facies,  the  form. 

Eleg(ant,  Elegans.  Polished,  polite,  refined, 
beautiful. 

Embarrass,  f.  To  perplex,  entangle,  or  render 
intricate. 

Emin4ent,  £minens.  High,  lofty,  exalted  in 
rank.      Mineo,  to  hang  over. 

Employ,  f.  To  occupy  the  time,  or  in  any  way 
be  engaged. 


ad  de. 


per.  En,dure,  f.  To  last,  remain,  undergo      Durus, 

hard. 
in.  Evitable,   isvitabilis.    That  may   be  shunned. 

Vito,  to  shun. 

super  self.    Exalt,  f.  To  raise  high,  to  elevate.    Altus,  high. 

in  un.  Exhaust,  .Exhaustum.    To  draw  out,  to  drain, 

to  use  the  whole.     Haurio,  to  drain  or 

draw. 

Ex,hort,    jBxhortor,    exhortatus.      To   advise, 

caution,  or  urge  by  words. 
Expedient,  isxpediens.    Suitable   for  the  pur- 
pose, useful. 
Experience,  .Experiens.    Series  of  trials,  ob- 
servation.     Peritus,  tried. 
Explain,  .Explano,  explanatum.  To  make  plain, 

expound.     Planus,  smooth. 
Expose,  f.  and  isrrpositus.    To  lay   open,  un- 
cover, to  make  liable,  to  offer.    Ex  and 
pono,  to  lay  out. 
Fabricate,  Fabrico.    To  frame,  construct,  form, 
manufacture. 


in  un. 


in  un. 


in  un. 

in. 

in 

de 

in. 

con  de. 

bi 

un. 

in 

un. 

i  n 

re. 

117 

in  un.  Fail,  f.    To   become   deficient,  to  decay,  de- 

sert. 

de  in.  Fame.  Fama.     Public  report,  renown,  rumor. 

mis  un.         Fashion,  f.  The  make  or  form  of  any  thing,  to 
shape. 

dis.  un.  Favor,  f.    Kind  regard,  or  act,  to  resemble,  to 

befriend.     Faveo,  to  favor. 

counter  un.  Ferment,  Fermentum.    To  heat,   or  work,   to 
set  in  motion. 
Fertile,  f.  and  Fertilis.  Fruitful,  rich,  inventive. 
Felicity,    Felicitas.     Happiness,    blessedness, 
prosperity.     Felix,  happy. 

Finite,  Finitus.  Having  a  limit.    Finis,  the  end. 
Flagrant  Flagrans,  flagratum.  Burning,  ardent, 

glaring. 
Fold,  sax.   A  pen,  enclosure,  a  plait,  to  double. 
Frequtent,  Frequens.  Often,  to  be  often  at. 
Frigid,  Frigidus,  refrigero.  Cold,  dull,  wanting 
zeal.      Frigus,  cold. 
in  un.  Frugal,  Frugalis.   A  prudent  use  of  any  thing. 

Fruges. 
over  un.        Fruit,  f.    Whatever  the  earth  produces,  a  con- 
sequence.   Fructus,  fruges,  fruit. 
un 

af  Fright,  sax.  Sudden  fear,  terror. 

re  un.  Gain,  f.    To  obtain  or  win — used   in  various 

senses, 

con  sub.  Globe,  Globus.  A  round  ball  or  sphere, 

in  un.  Grateful,  Gratus.  A  due  sense  of  benefits 

be  un.  Grudge,  w.  To  envy  or  murmur,  hatred, 
un 

be.  Guile,  f.  Craft,  cunning,  artifice, 

dis 

in.  Heritable.  Capable  of  being  inherited.   Haeres, 

an  heir. 
in  super.       Human,  Humanus.  Belonging  to  man. 
in  un.  Humane,  Humanus.    Having  feelings  peculiar 

to  man,  kindness. 


118 


lr 
re. 

re  un. 

mis  un. 
dis  un. 
re 

en. 
mis. 

in  un. 

dis  re  un. 

self  un. 
di. 

un 

en. 
un. 

un 
ilobT 

il  over. 

un 

ah 
un 

e. 

mis  un. 
be  un. 
non  un. 

im  un. 


un 


Im,pair,  f.  To  make  worse  in  any  sense.  Paro, 
to  make  or  shape. 

Importune,  import unus.  To  request  with  ur- 
gency.    Porto,  to  carry. 

Improve,  norm.  To  make  better  in  any  sense. 

Ingenuous,  Ingenuus.    Open,  frank,  fair,  noble. 

In,list.  To  enter  military  service,  to  engage  in. 

Interpret,  Interpreter,  interpretatio.  To  explain 
words,  or  any  thing. 

Irritate,  Irrito.  To  excite  anger,  to  fret,  excite 
heat.     Ira,  anger. 

Joint,  f.  The  joining  of  two  or  more  things. 
Jungo,  to  join. 

Justify,  Justus-facio.    To  make  just,  to  defend. 

Lacerate,  Lacero.  To  tear  or  rend  with  vio- 
lence. 

Large,  Largus.  Big,  wide,  copious. 
License,   Licentia.    Leave    or   permission,  to 
grant.     Liceo,  to  be  lawful. 

Literate,  Literatus.  Learned,  lettered,  scien- 
tific.    Litera,  a  letter. 

Liberal,  Liberalis.  Of  a  free  heart,  generous 
Liber,  free. 

Lure,  f.  Any  enticement  held  out,  to  entice. 

Mancipate,  Mancxyo.  To  enslave,  to  bind. 
Manus  and  Capio. 

Manage,  f.  To  conduct,  govern,  or  direct. 

Mangle,  dan.  To  cut  with  a  dull  instrument. 

Manufacture,  f.  and  Manu-facio.  Any  thing 
made  by  hand. 

Malleable,  f.  Malleatus.  That  may  be  drawn 
out  or  hammered.  Malleus,  a  ham- 
mer. 


119 


com  lm. 
im  un. 
im  inter. 

un 

pre  un. 

im  un. 
all  un. 
a  im. 

re  un. 

im  un. 

ac  disac 
com. 

im  over. 

un 
im. 

im  un. 

equi  sub. 

ir 
re. 

in 
e. 

de  inter. 

equi  un. 


Material,  f.  and  Materia.  Consisting  of  matter, 

important. 
Mechanic,   Mechanicus.    A  person  skilled  in 

the  arts. 
Mediate,  f.    Middle,  to   interpose,  to  effect  a 

union.     Medius,  the  middle. 

Meditate,  Meditor.    To  contemplate,  intend  or 

plan. 
Melody,  gr.  Agreeable  succession  of  sounds. 
Mercy,  f.  Mildness,  favor,  kindness. 
Method,     Methodus.      Suitable    arrangement, 

order, 
Mind,    sax.      Intellect,    purpose,    to   fix    the 

thoughts,  to  obey. 
Mitigate,  Mitigo.    To  alleviate,  abate,  or  calm. 

Mitis,  mild. 

\  **    ,|!       Modus-facio.     Manner    of    existing, 

method,  form. 
Modest,  Modestus.  Sense  of  propriety,  not  bold. 
Modus,  a  manner. 

Mortal,  Mortalis.  A  human  being,  deadly,  sub- 
ject to  death.     Mors,  death. 

Mortify,  f.  Mors  facio.  To  destroy  vital  func- 
tions, to  humble. 

Multiply,  Mw/^plico,  multiplicatus.  To  increase 
as  numbers.     Multus  and  Plico. 


Munerate,  Munero,  muneratus.    To  reward  or 
recompense.     Munus,  a  gift. 

Narrate,  Narro.    To  tell,  rehearse,   relate,  or 

write. 
Nation,  Natio.    A  body  of  people   under  one 

government.     Nascor,  to  he  born. 
Necessity,  iVecessitas.   That  which  cannot  be 

otherwise. 


120 

un 

in  ob.  Noxious,  Noxius.  Hurtful  or  pernicious,  guilty, 

un 

dis  un.  Oblige,   f.    To  constrain,  to  please,  or  do  a 

favor.     Ligo,  to  bind. 
de  un.  Obstruct,  Obstructum.  To  block  up,  hinder,  or 

stop. 
co  pre.  Option,  Optio.     Power   of  choosing,    choice 

Opto,  to  choose. 
in 

co  in  sub.     Ordinate,   Ordinatus.    Regular,   methodical,   a 

line.     Ordo,  order,  rank. 
ab  un.  Origin,  Origo.  First  existence,  foundation, 

re  un.  Pacific,  Pacificus,  pacificatio.    Making  peace, 

calm  or  tranquil.      Pax  and  Facio. 
dis  im.  Parity,  f.  Equality,  like  state  or  degree.     Par, 

equal. 
un 

im  em.  Pass(ion,  Passio.    An  excitement  of  the  mind, 

ardour,  suffering.     Patior,  to  suffer. 

im  un.  Patron,   Patronus.    One  who  countenances  or 

supports.     Pater,  a  father. 

bi  sub.  Quadrate,    Quadratus.     A    square,    four    equal 

sides.     Quatuor,  four. 

fore  mis.  Quote,  f.  To  cite  as  a  passage  from  another 
author,  to  name. 

all 

en  out.  Rage,  f.  Violent  anger,  fury,  to  rage. 

ir  un.  Redeem,  .Rcdimo.    To  purchase  back   or  ran- 

som.     Emo,  to  buy. 

dis  un.  Regard,   f.    To  look   towards,    observe — has 

many  senses. 

ir  un.  Revere,  .Reveror.  To  regard  with  fear  mingled 

with  respect.     Vereor,  to  fear. 

im  un.  Perish,  f.  To  die,  in  a  state  of  decay. 

im  un.  Plausible   Plausibilis.  That  may  be  applauded. 

Plaudo. 

dis  un.  Please,  Placeo.  To  excite  agreeable  emotions, 

to  satisfy. 


121 

com  counter.  Petition,  Petitio.    Requestor  prayer,  to  make 
request.     Peto,  to  ask  or  seek. 

im  un.  Polite,   Politus.     Courteous,  refined,   smooth, 

gr.  Polis,  a  city. 

im  un.  Precise,    Praecisus.     Exact,   nice   or  formal. 

Caedo,  to  cut. 

counter  un.  Practice,    f.     Customary   actions,  to   do    fre- 
quently. 

im  un.  Prepare,  Praeparo,  praeparatum.  To  fit,  adapt, 

make  ready. 

im  un.  Prosper,  Prospero.  To  favor,  render  success- 

ful, to  thrive.     Spes,  hope. 

im  un.  Provide,  Provideo,  Provisum.    To  procure  be- 

forehand, to  foresee.     Video,  to  see. 

im  juris.        Prudence,  Prudentia.  Wisdom  applied  to  prac- 
tice, caution. 

re  un.  Publish,  Publico,  publicatio.    To  make  public, 

utter,   or    print    a  book.     Populus,  the 
people. 

im  un.  Pure,  Purus.  Free  from  all  impurities,  genuine. 

ir  un.  Remedy,  Remedium.  That  which  cures  a  dis- 

ease, or  counteracts  evil. 

ir  un.  Reproach,  f.  To  censure,  upbraid,  or  treat  with 

scorn. 

after  mis.      Report,  .Reporto.    To  bear  back  an  answer, 
something  told, 
non 

pre.  Re,side,  iZesido,  residens.    To  have    a  settled 

abode,  to  dwell.     Sedeo,  to  sit  or  fix. 
un 

super.  Re, vise,  Revisus.  To  review,  to  re-examine,  or 

correct.     Video,  to  see. 
cor  out  un.    Rival,  Rivalis.    One   striving  for  an  object  in 

opposition. 
all  un.  Sanctify,    Sanctifico,   sanctificatio.     To  make 

holy,     to     set     apart.       Sanctus     and 

Facio. 
in  non.  Sane,  Sanus.  Sound,  healthy,  having  reason, 

in  un.  Satiate,  Satiatus.  To  fill,  satisfy,  or  glut.  Satis 

enough. 

11 


122 

dis  un.  Satisfy,  Satisfacio.    To  gratify  the  wants,  sup- 

ply, pay,  convince.     Satis  and  Facio. 

demi.  semi.  Savage,  f.  Wild,  untamed,  uncivilized,  cruel, 
barbarous. 

in  per.  Scrutiny,  f.  and  Inscrutabilis.    Close  search, 

minute  inquiry.     Scrutor,  to  search. 

in  un.  Separate,  /Separo,    separabilis.     To     disunite, 

divide  or  part. 

a  un.  Shame,  sax.    Painful  sensation  arising  from  a 

sense  of  guilt. 

con  in.  Signify,   Significo,   significatio.      To  express 

meaning. 

in  un.  Sincere,  Sincerus,  sinceritas.    Pure,  unmixed, 

real,  not  feigned.  Sine,  without,  cera, 
wax,  or  pure,  unmixed. 

dis  un 

en.  Slave,  dan.    One  held  at  the  will  of  another,  a 

servant,  mean  fellow, 
dis. 

e.  Spouse,  f.  One  engaged  in  wedlock,  to  wed. 

in  un.  Stable,  Stabilis.  Fixed,  steady,  durable.  Sto,  to 

stand. 
un 

be.  Strew,  goth.  To  scatter  or  spread. 

in.  Subordinate,   Sub-ordinatus.     Inferior   in    the 

sense  as  used.     Ordo,  rank  or  order. 
in 

con.  Subsequent,    Subsequens.    Following  in  time 

or  order.     Sequor,  to  follow  or  pursue. 

dis.  Suc,cinct,  Swccinctus,  Brief,  compressed,  tuck- 

ed up. 

in  un.  Support,  Supporto.    To  bear,  sustain,  uphold, 

maintenance. 

de  per.  Sulphur,  f.    A  simple  combustible  substance, 

yellow. 

all  re.  Survey,  norm.    To  take  a  view  of,  to  measure, 

examine.     Video,  to  see. 

un 

re.  Sur,vive,  f.  and  Svpervivo.    To  outlive,  to  re- 

main alive. 


123 

in  un.  Susceptible,  Suscipio.  Capable  of  some  addition, 

tender,  nice  sensibility.    Capio,  to  take. 

de  Spoil,  Spolio,  spoliatio.    To  plunder,  rob,  cor- 

rupt, ruin,  that  which  is  taken.   Spolium. 

at  un.  Taint,  Tingo.    To  imbue,  corrupt,  stain,  infect, 

or  poison. 

in  sub.  Tangible,  Tango,  tangens.  To  perceive  by  the 

touch. 

re  un 

at.  Tempt,  f.  and  Tentatus.  To  incite  to  evil,  to 

entice.     Tento,  to  try. 

in  un.  Tenable,  f.  Teneo.  That  may  be  held  or  main- 

tained. 

at  ex.  Tenutous,  Tenuis.  Thin,  small,  minute. 

ab 

in.  Testate,  Testatus.  Having  left  a  will.     Testis, 

a  witness. 
be  fore.         Token,  sax.  A  sign  or  mark, 
mis  un.         Torture,  f.  and  Tortor.    Extreme   anguish   of 

body  or  mind,  to  inflict  pain, 
over  un.        Thwart,  dan.  To  transverse,  to  cross  or  oppose, 
in  un.  Tractable,   Tractabilis.    That   may  be   easily 

lead  or  taught.     Tracto. 
mis  un.         Translate,  Translatus.    To   interpret,   to  bear 

from    one    place    to    another.     Trans- 

Fero. 
dis  re.  Union,  f.  and  Unus.  The  act  of  joining,  a  con- 

junction, 
dis  re.  Unite,  Unitus.  To  put  together,  join,  or  cause 

to  adhere. 
in.  Valid,    Validus.     Having    sufficient   strength, 

powerful.     Valeo,  to  be  strong. 
de  e.  Vapor,  Vapor.  Invisible  elastic  fluid,  steam. 

e  un.  Ventilate,  Ventilo.    To  fan  with  wind,  to  make 

a  free  passage.     Ventus,  the  wind. 

per  un 

ad.  Venture,  f.    A  hazard,  undertaking,  to  dare. 

Venio,  to  come. 
con  di.  Verge,  Vergo.    To  tend  downwards. 


124 


re 

in. 
in  Ull. 

semi  un. 
dis  mis. 

un 

be", 
inter  in. 

mis  un. 
un 

be". 

all  un. 
in  be. 


Vigor,  Vigor.  Active  strength,  energy. 
Violate,  Violo,  Violabilis.    To  injure,  hurt,  or 

infringe. 
Vitrify,  Vitrum-facio.  To  convert  into  glass. 
Vouch,  norm.  To  call  to  witness,  to  declare,  or 

warrant.    Voco,  to  call. 

Wail.  To  lament. 

Weave,  sax.  To  unite  threads  in  making  cloth, 

to  insert. 
Wed,  sax.  To  marry  or  espouse. 

Witch,  sax.    A  woman  practising  sorcery,  to 

fascinate. 
Worth,  sax.  Value,  importance. 
Wrap,  sax.  To  wind,  fold,  enclose. 


SECTION  XXII. 
Ninth  Exercise. 

re  un.  Accelerate,  .Accelero.  To  quicken,  to  hasten  in 

any  sense.     Celer,  swift. 
super  un.      Add,  Ad&o.  To  set  or  put  together,  to  unite, 
in 

co  in.  Ad,here,  ylJhaereo,  adhaesum.      To  stick  or 

cleave  to  gether,  to  unite.  Haereo,  to  stick. 
re  un.  Adjourn,  f.    To  defer  to  another  day,  or  for  an 

intermission, 
re  un.  Adopt,  A cfopto.  To  take  a  child  or  person  as  an 

heir,  to  select  and  take.  Opto,  to  choose. 
all  un.  Adore,  Adoxo,  adoratio.    To  worship  or  pay 

divine  honors  to.  Oro,  to  speak  or  pray, 

os,  the  mouth. 
mis  un.         Aim,  ir.  To  point  at  with  a  missive  weapon,  to 

attempt  to  accomplish,  a  design, 
dis  un.  Anchor,  Anchora.  An  iron  instrument  to  hold  a 

ship  at  rest  in  the  water,  to  moor. 


125 

dis  un.  Anoint,  f.  To  pour  oil  upon,  to  smear  with 
oil. 

over  un  Anxious,  Anxius.  Greatly  concerned,  solicit- 
ous.    Ango,  anxi,  to  trouble. 

in.  Apposite,  ./Ippositus.  Suitable,  fit,  well  adapted. 

Pono,  to  place. 

in  sub.  Aquatic,  Aquaticus.  Pertaining  to  water.  Aqua, 

water. 

in  un.  Apt,  Aptus.  Fit,  suitable,  inclined,  ready. 

in  un.  Arable,  Aro.    Fit  for  plowing  or  tillage.     Aro, 

to  plow. 
anti 

auto.  Aristo,cracy,  gr.  A  form  of  government  where 

the  supreme  power  is  in  the  nobility. 

re  un.  Assault,  f.  and  Ad-salio.   An  attack  with  vio- 

lence, to  attack.      Salio,  to  leap. 

in  un.  Auspice,  Auspicium.  Omens,  augury,  good  or 

bad. 

over  un.  Ballast,  sax.  Heavy  matter,  as  stone  placed  in 
the  bottom  of  a  ship,  to  make  any  thing 
steady. 

self  un.         Banish,  f.  To  condemn  to  exile,  to  be  com- 
pelled to  leave  one's  country, 
un 

male.  Bene,volent,  Benevolens.  Wishing  well,  good- 

will, kindness,  charity.     Volo,  to  will. 

mis  un.  Bestow.  To  give,  confer,  or  impart,  to  dispose  of. 

co  un.  Bishop,  sax.  A  spiritual  overseer,  an  elder  or 

presbyter. 

out  un.  Boast.    To  brag  in  speech,  to  glory,  to  exalt 

one's  self. 

un 

ab.  Breviate.  To  shorten.  Brevis,  short. 

dis  ex.  Calceated,  Calceatus.    Shod,  fitted  with  shoes. 

Calcus,  a  shoe,  calx,  the  heel. 

re  un.  Captor,  Capio.  One  who  takes  as  a  prisoner,  or 

prize. 

mis  over.  Carry,  f.  To  bear,  convey,  or  transport,  to  con- 
tain, 

a  bi  hydro.    Cephalic,  gr.  Pertaining  to  the  head. 

11* 


a  mono. 

Chromatic,  gr. 

ana. 

music. 
Chronica],  gr. 
disease 

dis 
pro. 

un 

Con,fess,  f.  T< 

126 

Relating  to  color,   a  kind   of 
Continuing  a  long  time,  as  a 


n  a  fault  or  crime,  to  avow 

or    acknowledge.     Fateor    fassus,    for 

fessus,  to  confess. 
hetero homo.  Con, gener,  Congener.    Of  the  same  kind  or 

nature, 
mis  un.         Contrive,  f.  To  invent,  contrive,  or  plan, 
mis  un.         Council,  f.    An  assembly  of  men   to  advise  the 

chief  magistrate,  an  assembly  of  prelates, 
super 

ex.  Crescent,  Crescens.  Increasing,  growing. 

self  un.  Deceit,  \  Decipio,  deceptio.  Ensnaring,  mis- 
self  un.  Deceive,  )  leading  or  fallacy,  to  cause  to 

err,  to  cheat.     Capio,  to  take. 

be  un.  Deck.  To  clothe,  dress,  adorn,  embellish. 

a  dis.  De,part,  f.  and  Pars.    To  go  or  move  from,  to 

leave,  to  vary  from. 

re  sub.  De,sultory,  .Desultorius.     Leaping   or   passing 

from  one  thing  or  subject  to  another. 
De-salio,  to  leap  from. 

all  un.  Devastate,  Devasto.    To  lay  waste,  ravage,  to 

desolate. 

all  un.  Devour,  Devoro.    To  eat  with  greediness,  to 

destroy. 

in  un.  Diminish,  Dnninuo,  diminutio.    To  lessen,  to 

impair.     Minus,  less. 

re  tran.  Dis,silient,  Zh'ssiliens.  Starting  asunder,  open- 
ing with  force.    Salio,  to  leap,  dis,  apart. 

all  un.  Divine,  Divinus.    Pertaining   to  the  true  God, 

godlike,  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  to 
foreknow. 

self  un.  Educate.  .Educo.  To  bring  up,  as  a  child,  to 
instruct. 

in  un.  Exaggerate,  Exaggero.   To  heap  on,  to  accu- 

mulate, to  heighten  or  enlarge.  Gero, 
to  bear. 


127 


m  un. 


sub  under. 


over  re. 


re  un. 
in  un. 


pre  un. 
un  in. 

contra  sub 

dis 
dis. 

re  un. 

il  preter. 

e  inter, 
anti  biblio. 
fore  un. 


Expiate,  .Expio.  To  atone  for,  to  make  re- 
paration. 

Faction,  f.  and  Facio.  A  party  in  political  so- 
ciety, tumult,  discord. 

Flourish,  Floresco.  To  thrive  or  grow  luxuri- 
antly, to  increase — various  senses.  Flos, 
a  flower. 

Fortify,  Fortis  and  Facio.  To  make  strong. 

Fracture,  Fractura.  A  breach  in  any  body,  a 
rupture.     Frango,  to  break. 

Fraternal,  Fraternws.  Brotherly,  pertaining  to 
brethren. 

Imbibe,  Imh'iho.  To  drink  in,  to  absorb.  Bibo, 
to  drink. 

Imitate,  Imitatus.  To  follow  in  manner,  to 
copy  after,  or  counterfeit.  Imitor,  to 
imitate. 

Indicate,  7«dico.  To  show,  point  out,  or  dis 
cover,  to  tell. 

In,herit.  To  take  by  descent  from  an  ancestor. 

Haeres,  an  heir. 
Install,  f.  To  place  in  office,  to  invest  with  any 

charge. 
Legal,  Legalis.  According  to  law,  in  conformity 

to  law.     Lex,  law. 
Lope.  To  leap,  a  long  step,  to  run. 
Maniac,  gr.  and  Maniacus.  Mad,  or  a  madman. 
Mention,  Mentio.  To  speak  or  name,  a  hint,  to 

state.     Memor,  mindful. 


phil.  Mis,anthropy.  gr.  Hatred  of  mankind, 

philo  un.       Music,  Musica.    Melody  or  harmony  of  sound. 
Musa,  a  song. 


hetero.  Ortho,dox,  gr.  Sound  in  the  Christian  faith. 

re  un.  Pack,  d.  A  bundle  or  load,  to  send  in  haste,  to 

close,  to  put  together  in  order. 
im  un.  Paradise,  gr.  The  garden  of  Eden,  a  place  of 

bliss. 


128 

im  inter.  Parley,  f.  To  confer  with,  on  some  point  of 
mutual  concern,  to  confer  with  an 
enemy. 

dys  eu.  Peptic,  gr.  Promoting  digestion. 

re  un.  Peruse.    To  read  with  attention,  to  observe. 

Per  and  utor,  usus. 

de.  Picture,  Pictura.  A  painting,  a  likeness  drawn 

in  colors.     Pingo,  to  paint. 

self  un.  Preserve,  f.  and  Servo.  To  keep  safe  from  in- 

jury, to  uphold,  to  save. 

multi  omni.  Present,  Praesens.  Near,  in  company,  some- 
thing given.  Prae  and  ens,  being  be- 
fore, or  sentio. 

un 

di.  Pre.varicate,  Praevarico.  To  quibble  or  shuffle, 

to  play  foul  play,  to  evade,  pervert,  or 
corrupt.     Varus,  crooked  legs,  unlike. 

anti  un.  Prophecy,  gr.  A  foretelling  or  predicting  some- 
thing to  come. 


Quit,  f.    To  leave,  to  depart  from,  to  free  or 
clear. 

un 

ar.    Range,  f.  To  set  in  a  row,  to  dispose  in  classes, 
to  rove. 
Record,  Recordor.    To  register  or  write  in,  a 

register  of  facts. 
Relish.  Pleasing  taste,  liking,  appetite,  to  de- 
light in. 
ir  un.  Relieve,  )  f.  Removal  in  whole  or  in  part  of  any 

Relief,     )  evil  of  body  or  mind,  to  free 

from, 
ir  un.  Renown,  f.  Fame,  celebrity,  to  make  famous. 

un 

in.  Re.novate,  ivenovo.  To  renew,  to  restore  to  the 

first  state.     Novus,  new. 
re  un.  Salute,  Saluto.    To  greet,  to  hail,  to  address 

with  kind  wishes.     Salus,  safe. 


un 

un 

re 

ac. 

de 

ir  un. 

dis 

un 

129 


ami  un.  Scripture,  Scriptura.  A  writing,  the  Old  and 
New  Testament,  any  thing  written. 
Scribo,  to  write. 

en  un.  Seal,  sax.    A  piece  of  metal  to  make  an  im- 

pression  on    wax   or   other   things,  to 
close,  to  fix  a  seal. 

mis  un.  Send,  sax.  To  throw,  cast,  or  thrust,  to  cause 
to  be  conveyed. 

re  un.  Seize,  f.  To  lay  hold  on  suddenly,  to  take  pos- 

session by  force. 

re  tran.  Splendor,  Splendor.  Great  brightness,  elegance, 
pomp,  show.     Splendeo,  to  shine. 

self  un.  Subdue,  Sub  do.  To  conquer  by  force,  to 
overcome,  to  soften. 

re  un.  Summon,  Sub-moneo.    To   cite   or   notify  by 

authority  to  appear  at  some   place,  to 
call  up,  excite. 

in  inex.  Superable.  That  may  be  overcome.  Super, 
above. 

a  dis.  Sunder,  dan.  To  part  or  divide,  to  separate. 

pyro  poly.  Technics,  gr.  and  Technicus.  The  doctrine  of 
arts  in  general. 

con  inter.  Texture,  Textura.  The  act  of  weaving,  a  web. 
Texo,  to  weave. 

mis  un.  Train,  f.  To  draw  along,  to  exercise,  to  break 
or  tame. 

all  un.  Triumph,  Triumphus.     A  pompous  ceremony 

on  account  of  a  victory,  to  obtain  vic- 
tory, to  insult. 

in  un.  Utter,  sax.  To  speak  or  express  words,  to  dis- 

close, 
in 

equibimulti.  Valve,  Valvae.  A  folding  door,  a  lid  or  cover, 
re  un.  Vindicate,  Vindico.  To  defend,  justify,  or  sup- 

port,  to  avenge,  to  assert.     Vindex,  a 
punisher. 
un 

equi  uni.  Vocal,  Vocalis.  Having  a  voice,  music  made 
by  the  voice.  Voco,  to  call,  from  vox, 
the  voice. 


130 


SECTION  XXIII. 


Tenth  Exercise. 
dis 

en  un.  Able,  norm.    Having  sufficient  power  of  body 

or  mind  for  the  object,  eminently  quali- 
fied. 

anti  poly  tri.  A.pode,  gr.  An  animal  that  has  no  feet,  as 
fishes. 

mis  un.  Become,  sax.  To  pass  from  one  state  to  another, 
to  be  fit  or  suitable. 

self  un.  Charity,  gr.  and  Charitas.  Benevolence,  alms, 
liberality. 

de  hydro.      Carbon,  Carbo.    Pure  charcoal,  a  simple  body. 

super  sub  Celestial,  Caelestis.  Heavenly,  relating  to 
un.  heaven.     Caelum,  heaven. 

mis  re  un.     Choose,  sax.  To  pick  out,  to  select  or  prefer. 

pre  re  un.  Consult,  Co?*sulto.  To  seek  the  opinion  of 
others,  to  plan  or  devise.  Consulo,  per- 
haps salio,  to  leap. 

dia  hyper      Critic,  gr.    A  person  skilled  in  judging  of  the 

un.  merit  of  literary  works,  an  examiner  or 

judge. 

semi  un.  Calcine,  f.  To  reduce  to  fineness  like  dust. 
Calx,  calcis,  chalk-stone. 

in  un.  Cure,  Curo.  To  heal  as  a  disease.     Cura,  care. 

ir 

re.  Con,fute,  Confuto,  confutatio.    To  disprove  or 

show  any  thing  to  be  false.  Futo  (ob- 
solete), to  blame. 

re  un.  Compile,    Cowipilo,    compilatio.     Literally   to 

steal  or  pillage,  but  now  means  to  col- 
lect pasaages  from  other  authors  into 
a  book.     Pilo,  to  pilfer. 

re  un.  Convey,    Conveho.     To  carry    or    transport. 

Veho,  to  carry. 

over  in.  Curious,  Curiosus,  curiositas.  Strong  desire  for 
novelty,  accurate,  nice.     Cura,  care. 


131 


re  un. 
mis  un. 

in  un. 

mis  un. 
dis  un. 
dis  un 


en. 


Capitulate,  Capitulatus.  To  surrender  an  army, 
to  repeat  over.     Caput,  the  head. 

Conjecture,  Conjectura.  A  throwing  together, 
a  guess  or  surmise.  Jacio,  to  cast  or 
throw. 

Compare,  Comparo,  compara-bilis-tivus.  Like- 
ness or  agreement,  to  liken  one  thing  to 
another.     Par,  equal. 

Construe,  Construo,  constructum.  To  translate, 
to  interpret,  to  arrange  the  words. 

Courteous,  f.  Polite,  well  bred,  civil.  Curia, 
a  senate  house. 


Cumber,  dan.  To  load,  check,  or  embarrass,  a 

hinderance. 
all  sub.  Chant,  f.  A  song,  to  sing  or  celebrate  in  song. 

Cano.  to  sing. 
mis  un.         Derive,  Derivo,  derivatio.    To  draw  or  receive 

as  from  a  source  or  origin.    Rivus,  a 

river. 
ad  fore.         Doom,  sax.  To  judge  or  condemn, 
re  un.  Draft.  A  drawing  of  men  from  a  military  band, 

to  delineate, 
over  in.         Diligent,  Diligens.     Steady  in  application,  not 

idle, 
all  un.  Dread,  sax.  Great  fear  or  apprehension  of  evil 

or  danger,  awe,  terror,  to  fear, 
over  un.        Drive,  sax.     To   impel,  to  urge   forward   by 

force, 
decern  Duum,vir,  Duo  and  vir.    One  of  two   Roman 

trium.  officers,  united  in  the  same  public  func- 

tions, 
counter  un.  Declare,  Declaro,  declaratio.  To  tell  explicitly, 

to  make  plain.      Clarus,  clear. 
in  un.  Discover,  f.   To  lay  open  to  view,  to  reveal  or 

find  out. 
anti 

aristo  theo.  Democracy,  gr.  Demos,  the  people,  and  Cratos. 
power,  hence  a  government  by  the 
people. 


132 

dis  un 

in  re.  De,cline,  Declino,  declinatio.     To  lean  down- 

wards, a  tendency  to  decay.     Clino,  to 
bend  or  lean. 
un 

re.  De,mise,  f.    To  transfer  or  convey  by  lease  or 

will.     De  and  mitto,  to  send  down. 

dis  un.  Enthrall  or  Inthrall.  To  enslave. 

super  un.  Excel,  EocceUo.  To  go  beyond,  to  surpass 
Celsus,  lofty. 

counter  self  Evidence,  .Evidentia.  Proof  in  support  of  some 

in.  thing.     Video,  to  see,  e,  out. 

ant 

para  pro.  Epidepsy,  gr.  The  falling  sickness,  because 
the  patient  falls  suddenly. 

ab  in  un.  Err,  Erro.  To  wander  from  a  right  way,  to 
deviate,  to  mislead  in  any  sense. 

in 

de  over.        Fatigue,  Fatigo,  fatigatus.    To  tire,  weary,  or 

harass. 
un 

re  super.      Fine,  f.  and  Finis.  Very  small,  minute.   (Many 

senses.) 
re  un.  Foment,  Fomentum.  To  apply  warm  things,  to 

promote   excitement.     Foveo,    to   keep 

warm. 
arch  co  un.   Found,  Fundo,  fundatus.  To  lay  the  basis  or 

foundation,  to  begin.     Fundus,  land  or 

ground. 
in  un.  Feasible,  f.    That  may  be  done  or  tilled  prac- 

ticable. 
ad  af.  Filiation,  f.    The  relation  of  a  son  to  a  father, 

Filius,  a  son. 
con.  ag.        Glomerate,  Glomero.    To  wind  into  a  ball,  to 

gather.     Glomus,  a  ball. 
mis  self        Govern,  f.    To  direct  or  control  by  authority, 
un.  to  administer  the  laws.     Guberno. 

all  un.  Important,  f.    Weighty,  of  great  consequence, 

forcible. 


133 

SECTION  XXIV. 

Eleventh  Exercise. 

dis  in  non.  Ability,  f.  Power  of  body  or  mind,  skill, 
wealth.  Habeo,  to  have ;  Ability,  for 
liability. 

in  re  un.  Access,  Accessus.  A  coming  near,  approach, 

entrance.     Cedo,  to  give  place. 


inter  in.    Ac,cidtent,  Ad-cado,  accidens.  To  fall  to,  or 

happen  by  chance.     Cado,  to  fall. 

anti  sub  super.  Acid,  Acidus,  acidulatus.  Sour  to  the  taste. 

dis  pre  un.        Acquaint,  f.    To   make   fully  or   intimately 
known,  to  inform. 

fore  mis  un.      Advise,  f.  To  give  counsel  to,  to  offer  an  opin- 
ion, or  give  notice.     Video,  to  see. 
dis 

ab  con.  Aggregate,  Aggxego.  To  bring  parts  together 

into  one  mass.     Grex,  a  herd. 
ab  in  un  Alien,  Alienus,  alienatio.   Not  belonging  to 

the  same  country, 
fore  mis  re.       Allege,  ^4/lego,  allegatio.  To  declare,  affirm, 

or  assert.     Lego-are,  to  impute. 
co  dis  mis  un.  Ally,  f.  To  unite,  form  a  relation,  unite  by 

treaty,  an  ally, 
dis  non  re  un.  Appear,  ^Ippareo,  apparens.  To  come  in  sight, 

obvious  to  the  mind, 
mis  re  un.         Apply,  ^Ipplico,  applicatio.  To  lay  on,  to  fit, 

to  be  busy. 
in  mis  un.         Appropriate,  f.  To  assign  to  a  particular  use, 

most  suitable.  Proprius. 
dis  fore  un.       Arm,  Anna,  armo,  armamenta.   To  furnish 

with  a  weapon,  a  limb  or  branch, 
di  inter  in.        A,sperse,  ylspersus.  To  bespatter  with  false 

charges,  to  cast  upon.  Spargo,  to  scatter. 
dis  un 


con   dis.         As,sent,  Assensus,  assentatio.  An  act  of  tho 
mind  in  agreeing  to.    Sentio,  to  think. 
12 


134 

con  e  re.  A.vulsion,  Avulsio.  Tearing  asunder  violent- 

ly.   Velio,  to  pull  or  pluck. 
self  un      un 


a  re.     Bate,  f.  To  lessen,  to  remit  or  retrench, 

dis  mis  un.       Belief,  sax.  Persuasion  of  truth,  assent  of  the 
un  mind. 

un  for  over.      Bid,  sax.  To  command,  to  offer,  to  direct, 
dis  ex  inter  sub.  Bi,sect,  Bis-seco.  To  divide  into  two  parts, 
to  cut. 

Bitter,  sax.  Biting  to  the  taste,  sharp  words, 
painful. 

Burden,  sax.  A  load,  any  thing  oppressive. 

Call.  To  name  or  summon,  to  utter  by  the 
voice. 

Calculate,  f.  To  compute,  or  reckon,  to  intend. 
Calculus,  a  pebble,  from  calx,  lime. 

Carnation,  f.  and  Carnavium.  Flesh-color  or 
flesh.     Ca.ro,  flesh. 

Cave,  Cavea.  A  hollow  place,  to  make  hol- 
low.    Cavus,  hollow. 
inunpre  over.  Caution,  Cautio.  Prudence  in  regard  to  dan- 
ger.    Caveo,  to  beware. 
un 

as  in  un.  Certain,  f.   Sure,  undoubted.     Certus,  sure. 

be  counter  de  Charm,  f.  Enchantment,  secret  influence. — 
un.  Carmen,  a  song. 

un 

pre    ex  in.       Cogitate,    Cogito,   cogitatio.     To   think   or 

meditate, 
in  re  un.  Combine,  f.  To  unite  or  agree,  to  link  together. 

di3  un 


dis  un 

im 

em. 

dis 

over  un. 

mis  re  un. 

mis 

inun. 

ex  i 

In  Un. 

con 

ex  in. 

ac  dis  in.  Commodious,  f.  Convenient,  fit  or  proper. 
Modus,  a  manner. 

inter  non.  Commune,  f.    To   converse,   familiar  inter- 

course, to  meditate.     Munero,  to  give, 

un  from  munus,  a  gift. 

ex  re  un  inter  Communicate,  Commumco.    To  impart,  re- 
in nor*  veal,  or  partake.     Munus,  a  gift. 


135 

in  re  semi  un.  Compact,  Compactus.  Closely  united,  an 
agreement.     Paciscor,  to  covenant. 

in  non  un.  Comply,  It.  To  yield  to  or  comply  with. — 
Plico,  to  be  knit  together. 

supra  un 

de      re  un.  Compound,  Co/npono.   To  mix,  to  agree,  a 
mass.     Pono,  to  place. 

dis  re  un.  Commend,    Co/nmendo,    commendatio.     To 

praise,  to  give  charge  to.     Mando. 

dis  in  un.  Connect,  Connecto.  To  link  together,  to  join. 

in  re  un.  Consider,  Considero,  consideratio.  To  fix  the 

mind  on,  to  think.     Sidus,  a  star. 

anti  pre  un.  Constitute,  Constituo,  constitutio.  To  fix,  es- 
tablish, form,  or  make.     Sto,  to  stand. 

all  in  un.  Consume,  Consumo,  consumptio.  To  destroy 

or  waste  away  slowly. 

dis  mal  un.  Content,  Cowtentus.  Quiet,  easy,  satisfied, 
held  within.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

in  un  mis.  Correct,  Correctus.  Right,  made  right,  ac- 
cording to  truth.  Rego,  to  ride. 

con  pro  re  un.  Create,  Creo.  To  produce  something  from 
nothing. 

ac  re  in.  Criminate,  Criminor.  To  charge  with  a  crime, 

to  blame.     Crimen,  a  crime. 

counter  under.  Current,  Currens.  Flowing,  circulating,  gen- 
eral estimation.     Curro,  to  run. 
super 

in  re  circum.  De,flect,  Deflecto.  To  turn  aside  or  deviate, 
to  swerve.     Flecto,  to  bend. 

in  re  un.  Deliberate,  XMibero.  To  consider  or  weigh 

in  the  mind.     Liber,  free. 

un  re  un 


counter  re.        De,mand,  f.  and  De-mando.  To  ask  or  call 
for,  a  claim  or  debt.     Mando,  to  give 
in  re  un  orders. 

con.  Dense,  Densus.  Close,  compact,  thick, 

in  un 


De,precate,  Deprecor.  To  pray  against,  to  re- 
gret. Precor,  to  pray,  from  praeco,  a 
crier. 


136 


all  in  self  un. 
un 

in  equi. 


in  pre  re  un. 


fore  pre  un.      Design,  Designo,  designalio,  to  plan,  project, 
intend,  a  scheme.     Signum,  a  sign. 
Destroy,  Destruo,  destructio.    To  demolish, 
lay  waste,  or  ruin. 

Differ,  Dif kro,  dif-ferens.  Unlike,  dissimilar, 
to  quarrel.     Fero,  to  bear ;  dif.  a  part. 

Indifferent,  (same  root.)  Unconcerned,  feel- 
ing no  interest. 

Digest,  Zhgestus.  A  compendium  of  laws,  to 
collect,  to  dissolve.  Gero,  to  bear ;  di, 
in  apart. 

demi    equi.       Distant,  Zh'stans.  Remote  in  any  sense,  re- 
served.  Sto,  to  stand,  di,  apart. 

'  >  Distinct,  D/stinctus,  a  marked  difference, 
ter  in.  J  '  ' 

contra  in  mis    Distinguish,  Zh'stinguo.  To  ascertain  the  dif- 

un.  ference,  to  be  eminent. 

in  mis  un.         Direct,  .Directus.  Straight,  right,  to  point  or 

aim.     Rego,  to  rule. 
in  sub  un.  Divide,  Zh'vido,  diviso.   To  separate,  make 

partition,  open.     Viduo,  to  part,  (obs.) 
counter  with.    Draw,  sax.  To  pull  along  or  move — variously 

used. 
con  re  sub.       Duplicate,  Duplicatus.   Double,  two  fold,  a 

copy.     Plico,  to  fold. 


in  i 

suf. 

in  un. 

dis  pre  re  un. 

co  in  sub  un. 

co  non  super 
un. 

co  pre  re  un. 
all 

in  per. 


£f,fici4ent,  _E/~ficiens.  Causing  or  producing 
effects.     Facio,  to  make. 

Eligible,  f.  and  Eligo.  Fit  to  be  chosen, 
worthy  of  choice.  Ex  and  lego,  to  choose. 

Engage,  f.  To  promise  or  bind  one's  self  in 
any  matter. 

Equal,  ^Equalis.  Of  similar  dimensions,  same 
rank.     iEquus,  equal. 

Essential,  Essentialis.  Necessary  in  the  high- 
est degree.     Essentia,  esse,  to  be. 

Establish,  f.  To  fix  firmly,  to  settle  or  con- 
firm.    Sto,  to  stand. 

E,vade,  i?vado,  evasum.  To  avoid,  elude,  es- 
cape, to  march  from.     Vado,  to  inarch. 


137 


pre  re  selfun. 

non  un. 

non 
co  con. 

*an  in  pos  ul. 
in  un  after 


un 
in  all. 

circum  in  re 
retro, 
bene  male 
under, 
mis  un. 

ef  inter  pre  re. 
ef  per  suf. 

dis  un  under, 
de  dis  un. 
in  re  un. 
dis  in  self  un. 
ag  de  con  un. 
all  un 


dis 


un. 


un 

de  intro  retro. 

mis  un. 

en  dis  in  un. 


Examine,  Examino,  examinatum.  To  inspect 

carefully.     Examen. 
Execute,  f.  To  perform,  complete,  to  inflict, 

to  kill.     Ex-sequor,  to  follow. 

Extemporaneous,  isxtemporaneus.    Uttered 

without  premeditation.    Tempus,  time. 
Ex,terior,  Exterior,  external,  outward. 

E,vince,  E vinco,  evictum.  To  prove  in  a  clear 
manner,  to  conquer.    Vinco,  to  overcome. 

Flame,  Flamma,  fiammatus.  Blaze,  fire,  ar- 
dor, rage. 

Flexile,  Flexilis.  Easily  bent,  pliant.  Flecto, 
to  bend. 

Factor,  Factor.  An  agent  for  another  person, 
a  doer.     Facio,  factum,  to  do. 

Fortune,  Fortuna.  Success,  good  luck,  wealth, 
destiny.     Fors,  chance. 

Fulgtency,  Fulgens.  Brightness,  splendor. 

Fume,  Fumus,  fumigatio.  Smoke,  vapor, 
rage,  scent. 

Furnish,  f.  To  supply  in  the  sense  as  used. 

Garnish,  f.  To  adorn,  decorate,  or  furnish. 

Gather,  sax.  To  bring  together,  to  collect. 

Glory,  Gloria.  Brightness,  lustre,  splendor. 

Glue.  f.  Tenacious  matter,  to  unite  with  glue. 

Grace,  f.  Favor,  good  will,  to  adorn.  Gratus, 
grateful,  thankful. 

Grade,  Gradus,  gradu,  gradatio.  Degree, 
rank  or  order.     Gradus,  a  step. 

Guide,  f.  To  direct  or  influence,  a  conductor. 

Harmony,  Harmonia.  Adaptation  of  parts, 
concord. 


*  An  for  ante,  and  ul  for  ultra. 
12* 


138 

un 

all    dis     un.    Honor,  Honor.  Esteem,  reputation,  dignity, 

to  revere. 
in  un  fore.        Imagine,  f.  and  Imago,  imaginatio.   To  form 

an  idea  in  the  mind.  Imago,  an  image. 
un      in 

op  re  ex.  Im,pugn,  Zmpugno,  impugnatus.  To  attack  by 
words,  or  blame.     Pugno,  to  fight. 

ap  pro  re  retro. Im,pulse,  Jwjpulsus.  Force  impressed,  influ- 
ence, driven  in.     Pello,  to  drive. 

mis  super  un.  Intelligent,  Intelligens,  intellectus,  intellectu, 
endowed  with  reason,  knowing,  well 
informed.     Intel  for  inter,  and  lego,  to 

un      ir  un         read  or  choose. 

at      re.  In,tent,  7«tentus.     Having  the  mind,  fixed, 

closely  observing.  Tendo,  to  stretch. 

dis  self  un.  Interest,  f.  To  concern,  excite  emotion,  a 
share,  premium. 

mis  pre  un.  Instruct,  //jstructum.  To  teach,  educate,  or 
un  inform.     Struo,  to  pile  or  build. 

all    fore  un.      Know,  sax.    To  perceive  with  certainty,  to 

understand, 
ap  col  il.  Laud,   Laudo.    Praise,  to   praise  in  words. 

Laus,  praise. 
di  in  semi.        Lapidate,  Lapido.  To  stone.     Lapis,  a  stone. 
un 

ab  de  ad.  Legate,  Legatus.  The  pope's  ambassador, 
one  sent.     Lego,  to  send. 

circum  col  sub.  Ligation,  Ligatio.  The  act  of  binding.  Ligo, 
to  bind. 

allun 

en     over.        Light,  sax.  Rays  of  the  sun,  not  heavy,  small, 

to  enkindle, 
be  dis  mis  un.  Like,    sax.    Equal,   similar,   to    approve  or 

choose, 
extra  il  un.       Limit,    Limes,    limitatio.      Bound,    utmost 

extent. 
be  dis  im  un.     Mask,  f.  A  cover  for  the  face,  to  conceal  or 

disguise. 


139 

all  im  pre.        Mature,  Maturus.  Ripe,  perfected,  to  ripen, 
counter  mis.     March,  f.  and  Mars.  Third  month,  to  move 

by  steps, 
de  pre  un.        Merit,  Meritum.     Worth,  value,  desert,  to 

deserve, 
fore  un  pre 

ad       pre.  Monition,  Monitio.  Warning,  admonitory. — 
Moneo,  to  admonish. 
anti  de  im        Moral,  Moralis.    Relating  to  conduct,  con- 
formed to  rules.     Mos,  moris,  a  custom. 
in  un 


dis     sur.  Mount,  f.  A  mass  of  earth,  to  leap  upon,  to 

rise  aloft.     Mons,  a  mountain. 
circum  in  re     Navigate,  Navigo.  To  sail  on  water.    Navis, 
un.  a  ship  ;  no,  to  swim. 

un 

e  un  re  in.      Nerve,  Nervus.  A  sinew,  strength,  firmness, 
dis 

ig  en  un.  Noble,   Nobilis,  nobilitas.     Great,  exalted, 

generous. 

an  con  de  un.  Note,  Nota,  notatio.  A  mark  or  token,  notice, 
short  letter,  to  observe.    Nosco,  to  know. 

an  con  di  in.  Numerate,  Numero.  To  count  or  reckon 
numbers.     Numerus,  a  number. 

dis  in.  Obedient,    Obediens.      Submissive    to    au- 

thority. 

non  sub  un.  Obscure,  Obscuro,  obscuratio.  To  darken  or 
cloud,  not  intelligible. 

mis  non  un.  Observe,  O&servo,  observatio.  To  notice  with 
attention,  to  remark.     Servo,  to  preserve. 

in  over  un.  Offend,  Oyfendo,  offensus.  To  displease,  vio- 
late, or  transgress.     Fendo,  to  keep  off. 

ex  in  under  un.  Office,  O/ficium.  Particular  duty,  a  charge, 
business. 

mis  pre  self.  Opinion,  Opinio.  Judgment  formed  by  the 
mind.     Opinor,  to  think. 

dis  in  re  un.  Organ,  Organum.  An  instrument  of  action, 
that  through  which  something  is  done. 

com  im  super.  Pati,ent,  Patiens.  Enduring  evils  without 
murmuring.     Patior,  to  suffer. 


140 


all  im  un. 
ap  im  un. 

im  preter  un. 

dis  mis  un. 

equi  im  non 
pre. 
un 

dis   pre  re  un. 

dis 
ex   com  ap. 

dis  mis  un. 

re 

im  mis. 

com  ex  super 

un. 

dis  in  over  un. 

ir  out  un. 

cor  mis  un. 
dis  fore  mis  un 

un  ui 


ap. 


Penetrate,  Penetro,  penetrabilis.  To  enter, 

pierce,  or  effect. 
Perceive,  Percipio,  perceptio.  To  have  know- 
ledge by  the  bodily  senses  or  mind.    Per 

and  capio,  to  take. 
Perfect,  Perfectus.     Finished,  complete,  to 

make  skilful.     Per  and  facio. 
Place,  f.    Any  portion  of  space,  to  fix  or 

appoint. 
Ponder,  Pondero.  To  weigh  in  the  mind,  or 

otherwise  to  muse.     Pondus,  a  weight, 

from  pendo,  to  weigh. 

Possess,  Possessus.  To  have  just  title,  to 
hold  or  occupy.  Esse,  to  be ;  potis, 
able. 

Probation,  Probatio.  The  act  of  proving, 
foretrial.     Probus,  honest. 

Reprobate,  (same  root.)  Not  enduring  trial, 
one  abandoned  to  sin. 

Profess,  Processus.  To  make  open  declara- 
tion, to  avow,  declare,  or  acknowledge. 
Fateor  and  fessus,  for  fassus,  to  confess. 

Prison,  f.  A  public  building  for  the  confine- 
ment of  criminals. 

Purge,  Purgo,  purgatio.  To  cleanse,  purify, 
or  clear. 

Quiet,  Quietus.  Still,  calm,  peaceable. — 
Quies,  rest. 

Reason,  f.  and  Rationalis.  Faculty  of  the 
mind,  a  cause,  to  argue.  Reor,  to 
think. 

Relate,  iielatus.    To  tell  or  recite,  to  have 

reference  to.     Re  and  fero,latus. 
.Remember,  norm,  and  Re-memoro.  To  gain 
an  idea  which  had  been  in  the  mind  be- 
fore.    Memor,  mindful. 
1  ir 

Re,peal,  f.  To  recall,  revoke  or  abrogate. 
Pello,  for  Appello,  to  call. 


141 

after  ir  un.        Repent,  f.  To  feel  pain  for  what  was  wrong, 

to  change  the  mind.     Poeniteo,  to  be 

sorry;  poena,  pain. 
ex  ir  mis  un.     Represent,  .Repraesento,  representatio.    To 

show   or    describe.     Re    pre    and    ens 

(being)  or  sentio. 
ab  di    ex  inter  Re,scind,  iJescindo,  rescissum.   To  revoke, 
pre.  annul,  cut  off,  or  rend  asunder.    Scindo, 

to  rend  or  tear. 
cor  ir  un.  Respond,  Respondeo,  responsum.  To  answer 

to  or  correspond.     Spondeo,  to  promise. 
mis  over  un.      Rule,  w.  That  which  has  become  a  standard 

in  any  sense,  to  govern  or  guide, 
con  en  ex.        Sanguine,  Sanguineus.   Red  like  blood,  ar- 
dent, warm.     Sanguis,  blood. 
all  re  un.  Search,  f.  To  look  over,  explore,  or  seek,  a 

seeking  for. 
counter  in  un.  Secure,  Securus.  Free  from  danger,  to  guard 

or  make  safe.     Se  and  cura,  separate 
un  from  care. 

con  omni  pre    Science,  Sciens,  scientia.  Knowledge  in  eve- 

un.  ry  acceptation.     Scio,  to  know. 

counter  in  non.  Sense,  Sensus.  That  faculty  which  perceives 
— variously  used.     Sentio,  to  perceive. 

con  dism  inter.  Seminate,  Semino.  To  spread,  sow,  or  propa- 
gate.    Semen,  seed. 

counter  pre  un.  Signal,  f.  A  sign  given,  memorable.     Sig- 

un  num. 

con  un.  Solid,  Solidus.  Hard,  firm,  sound,  substantial. 

demi  en  hemi  Sphere,  Sphaera.  An  orb  or  globe,  circuit  of 

semi  un.  motion,  rank. 

de  in  un.  Spirit,  Spiritus.    Wind,  air,  breath,  sold — 

mis  various  senses. 

con  sub  super.  Structure,  Structura.  Act  of  building  an  edi- 
fice.    Struo,  to  build, 
in  un.  Stimul(ous,  Stimulus.  A  goad  or  sting,  that 

which  rouses  from  languor. 

co  in  un.  Suffer,  Suf  "fero.  To  bear  pain,  or  undergo,4to 

allow.     Suf,  for  sub,  under ;  and  fero, 
to  bear. 


142 

disun 

en    inter  un.  Tangle.  To  knit  together  confusedly,  to  en- 
snare, 
mis  self  un.      Teach,  sax.  To  instruct,  show,  or  instruct, 
at  dis  con  un.    Temper,  Tempero,  temperamentum.  To  mix 

so  that  one  part  qualifies  the  other,  to 

soften  the  temper, 
countermisun.  Time,  sax.  Tempus.  Duration,  to  adapt,  an 

age.  Tempus,  time. 
at  con  re.  Tribute,  Tributum.  An  annual  sum  of  money 

paid.     Tribuo,  to  give. 
en  in  inter  un.  Twine,  sax.  To  twist,  wind,  unite,  or  cling  to. 
ante proto* pre.  Type,  Typus.  An  emblem,  symbol,  model,  to 

prefigure, 
dis  mis  non  un.  Use,  Usus.  The  act  of  employing,  to  employ. 

Utor,  to  use. 
in  sub  un.         Vary,  Vario,  variatio,  varietas.  To  alter  in 
re  un  form,  to  deviate. 

in    de  di  re.  Vest,  Vestis.  An  outer  garment,  to  clothe. 

in  pre  re  super.  Vision,  Visio.  The  act  of  seeing,  something 
imagined.     Video,  to  see. 

a  ad  in  re.  Vocation,  Vocatum.  A  calling  or  employ- 
ment.    Voco,  to  call,  from  vox,  the  voice. 

in  non  un.  Attend,  AttenAo,  attentus,  attentio.  To  go 
with,  to  wait  on,  to  fix  the  mind. 

counter  equi     Balance.  A  pair  of  scales,  equal  weight,  to 

un.  settle  accounts. 

im  re  un.  Bound,  norm.  A  limit  or  line,  a  leap  or  jump, 

the  termination  of  any  thing. 

non  re  un.  Comfort,  CWforto.  To  cheer  or  ease,  relief 
un  from  pain,  consolation.     Fortis,  strong. 

co  in  pro.  Ex,hibit,  Exhibeo.    To  present  to  view,  to 

show  or  display,  to  manifest  publicly, 
re  re  Habeo,  to  have,  hold,  or  possess. 

en  de  in.         Force,  f.  Strength,  to  compel,  or  use  violence, 
re 

en  in  re  un.  Graft,  f.  A  small  shoot,  to  join  on  or  insert 
in,  vigor,  might,  energy. 

Proto,  first. 


143 


reim 
in   co  un. 

mis  in  re  un. 
un 

re  en  il. 


mis  over  un. 
fore  mis  sur. 

re  under  un. 

counter  mis 
inter. 

contra  extra  ir. 

be  mis  un. 

ex  inter  semi. 

dis  en. 

under  mis  sub 

at  en  mis. 

counter  out    ) 
over.  S 

after  mis  out 
re  under  un. 
counter  in  out 
over  under un. 


Habitant,  Habilans,  habitatio,  habitu.  A  dwel- 
ler or  inhabitant,  a  resident. 
Lay,  sax.  To  put  or  place,  to  settle. 

Luminate,  Lumino.  To  give  light.     Lumen, 

light. 
Match,  sax.  Combustible  matter,  an  equal,  a 

contest,  to  unite  in  marriage. 
Name,  sax.  That  by  which  a  thing  is  called, 

reputation,  fame.      Nomen,  name,  from 

nosco,  to  know. 
Purchase,  f.   To  obtain  property  by  paying 

an  equivalent. 
Point,  f.  The  sharp  end  of  any  instrument  or 

body,   to   sharpen,   aim    or  purpose. — 

Pungo,  punctum,  to  prick  or  point. 
Regular,  Regula.  That  which  is  conformable 

to  any  rule,  periodical.     Rego,  to  rule. 
Speak,  sax.    To  utter  words,  to  express  by 

words. 
Ossify.  To  make  or  form  bone,  to  convert 

into  a  hard  substance  like  bone.     Os,  a 

bone  ;  facio,  to  make. 
Title,  Titulus.  An  inscription  put  over  any 

thing,  an  appellation  of  dignity. 
Tutor,  Tutor.  One  who  instructs  children,  to 

teach,  to  instruct. 
Tune,  gr.   A  series  of  musical  notes,  to  put 

in  tune. 

Vote,  Votum.   Suffrage,  a  ballot  or  ticket. 

Write,  sax.  To  form  letters,  to  engrave  or 
compose. 

Work,  sax.  To  perform  any  labor,  or  be  en- 
gaged in,  to  move,  a  work — various 
applications. 


144 


SECTION  XXIV. 


Twelfth  Exercise. 

All  the  prefixes  are  not  added  in  this  exercise  which 
might  be,  but  the  number  given  is  sufficient  to  answer  the 
purposes  of  the  work. 

counter  un  in  pre  sub  Abs,tract,  .Atatractio.  To  draw  from, 
distinct  from,  to  separate  ideas, 
a  summary  or  general  view. — 
Traho,  draw. 


at 
un 


con 
un 


de  dis    ex    pro  re  sub. 


ante  co  counter 
re      un 

en     ex  in  over  retro 
re  sub  trans  under. 


Act,  Ago,  actus,  actu.  To  perform  or 
exert  power,  to  behave  or  de- 
mean, any  thing  done,  an  action. 
Used  in  numerous  senses.  Ago, 
to  do  or  execute. 


misnonreun 


ab 


con        circum 
sub  super      un 


de  e        in 
non  re  un 

ob       pro 
retro  sub. 


intro 
irun  un 


Ad,duce,  Ad&uco,  adductum.  To 
bring  forward,  to  advance,  to 
offer  or  present,  to  cite  or  name. 
Duco,  to  lead  or  draw ;  ad,  to. 


un     pre    mis  pre  un  Ac,quire,Acquiro,acquisitum.  To  gain 
j^"     ^T  any  thing  in  the  sense  of  its  use. 

Quaero,  to  ask,  seek,  or  gain. 


ab  con  counter  de  e 
super        un  counter 


in  inter  ob 
in  re  un 

re     sub     tra. 


Adject,  Ad']\c\o.  To  add  or  put  as 

►     one  thing  to  another.     Jacio,  to 

cast  or  throio  :  ad   to  or  unto. 


145 


re  sub  un 

com      dis  de  e 
un 


in  pre  re 


extra  inter  intro  im 
un 

manu  o  per  preter  pre 
com  ir  un     un     un 


pro    re        sub  trans. 


Ad,mit,  >ldmitto,  admissum.  To 
suffer  to  enter,  to  allow,  to  re- 
ceive as  true,  to  grant.  Mitto, 
to  send,  dismiss,  or  send  away. 


in, 
de 


in  dis    dis  re  un  dis  mis  un 


ef 


re 
con. 


Af,fect,  ^/Tectum,  Affectatio,  Ef- 
fectu.  To  act  upon,  to  produce 
some  change,  to  aim  at,  make 
a  show.  Facio,  to  make  or 
cause. 
dis  mis  un 


circum  de  noct  per  pre. 
bi  mult   oct  tri  un. 
dis  fore  non  re  un. 

co  in  mis  pre  un. 

all  in  un. 

ir 
re. 

un  u 

de". 


Af,firm,  Aj firmo,  Affirmatio.  To  as- 
sert positively,  to  declare  sol- 
emnly, to  aver.    Firmus,  firm. 
Ambulate,  Ambulo,  Ambulatio.   To 

walk  from  place  to  place. 
Angle,  f.  and  Angulius.  The  place 
where  two  lines  meet,  a  corner. 
Appoint,  f.  To  fix  or  settle,  to  es- 
tablish, to  ordain,  to  allot  or 
purpose. 

Ap-prehend,  ^prehendo,  Appre- 
hensum.  To  seize  on,  to  under- 
stand, to  fear.     Prehendo,  to 
seize  or  take. 
Com-prehend,  (same  root.)  To  con- 
tain, include,  or  comprise,  to 
conceive,  take  hold  of. 
De,prehend,  (same  root.)  To  catch 
or  take  by  surprise,  to  seize 
1         or  detect. 

"Appreciate,  f.  To  value  or  duly  es- 
timate, to  set  a  price  or  value 
on.     Pretium,  a  price. 
13 


146 
con  re  un  re 


de        trans.  A,scend,  Ascendo,  Assensura,  from 

AdscanAo.  To  rise  in  the  sense 
of  the  word,  to  move  up. 
un     pre  mis  un  re 

re     con  counter  As,sign,  .4.ssigno,  Assignatio.  To 

un  under  sub.  allot  or  appoint,  to  give  a  rea- 

son, to  make  over  to  another. 
Signum,  a  sign. 
un  self  re  co  un 

pre  re.  As,sume,  .Assumo,  Assumptio.  To 

take  upon  one's  self,  to  arro- 
all  un  un         gate  or  claim. 

sus  abs  con  de  enter      At,tain,  f.  To  arrive  at,  to  gain  or 
ap         un  achieve,  to  compass,  to  come 

—  re  ^  to.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

in  un  un 

con  de  ob  pro  un.  At,test,  .Attestor,  Attestatus.     To 

bear  witness  to,  to  certify  or 
affirm,  to  call  to  witness,  to 
un     self  un  invoke.     Testis,  a  witness. 

un  im  em  de  a.         Base,  gr.  The  bottom  on  which  any 

thing  stands,  any  thing  vile  or 
dis  re  un  mean — various  uses. 

era         un.  Body,  sax.  The  frame  of  any  animal, 

a  mass,  the  main  army,  any 
solid  substance  :  various  uses. 


ac    ante  con  pre    pro  Cede,  Cedo,  Cedens,  Cessio.  To 
pre            un  give  up,  yield  or  surrender,  to 

rede"  retro  sue  se  ex.  dePart>  t0  resign>  relinquish, 

re 

all  counter  ex  inter  re  Change,  f.  To  alter  or  vary  in  any 
un.  manner,  to  give  one  thing  for 

another,  alteration, 
dis  mis  over  re  sur  un.    Charge,  f.  To  rush  on  or  assault, 

expense,  to  load  as  a  musket. 


147 


ac 

de  dis  ex  mis 

re 

no 

en 
be 

un 

n  pro  un. 
un 

dis  fore  in  re 
en  in  over  un. 

un. 

un 


Claim,  Clamo.  To  call  for  or  de- 
mand, a  demand. 


Close,  f.  To  shut,  to  end  or  finish, 
to  unite.     Claudo,  to  shut. 

Cloud.  To  obscure  by  mist,  a  col- 
lection of  vapor,  to  obscure  or 
darken,  to  sully, 
allun 

Com,mand,  Con-mando,Mandatum 
To  bid  or  direct,  to  order  or 
control, 
in 

Com,plex,  Cowrplexus.  Composed 
of  two  or  more  parts,  involved, 
difficult,  an  assemblage.  Pli- 
co,  to  knit  together. 

Compose,  f.  and  Con-pono,  Com 
positio.  To  form  a  compound, 
to  put  together  words,  to  calm, 
settle,  or  arrange.  Pono,  to 
place,  lay,  or  put. 

Re,pose,  (same  root.)  To  lie  ut  rest, 

to  deposite,  or  trust. 
un 

im       super    ex  pre.  De,pose,  (same  root.)  To  lay  down, 
degrade,  testify  on  oath,  de- 
throne, 
un     pre  pre  re  in  un 

pro    sup.  Dis,pose,(same.)Toregulate,adapt, 

incline  the  mind,  to  place. 


counter  re 

de. 

un 

im    per. 

de  dis  in 

pre 

re 

un 

re 

trans 

op. 

super 

un 

de  dis  ex  in  inter  oc 
pre  re  trans  un. 


Con. cur,  Concurro,  Concursum, 
Concursio.  To  run  together, 
to  meet,  to  agree  or  join,  unite 
in  opinion.     Curro,  to  run. 


148 


dis    per    sue.  Con,cussion,   Cowcussio.    Shaking 

by  a  stroke,  a  shock,  impulse. 
Cutio,  from  quatio,  to  shake. 
semi  im  in 

tran       per.  Conspicuous,  Conspicuus.  Open  to 

view,  easy  to  be  seen,  obvious 
to  the  mental  eye.  Specio, 
to  see. 

un  all  un 

re.  Con.strain,  f.  To  urge  with  power 

sufficient  to  effect,  to  hold  by 
force,  to  necessitate.  Stringo, 
to  bind. 


contro  inter  intro  trans 
un      un    ir  un 


ad     ob.  Con  ,ver  t,  Converto,  conversum,  con- 

versio.  To  turn  to  or  with,  to 
change  from  one  state  to  an- 
other, to  turn  about,  to  undergo 
some  change.  Verto,  to  turn 
perm  a       re  retro  sub.  or  change. 

Conceive,  Ccmceptio.  To  imagine, 
fore  in  mis  pre  super  un.  think,  or  form  an  idea  in  the 

mind,  formation  in  embryo. — 
Capio,  to  take,  hold,  or  receive. 

Count,  f.  To  number  or  reckon,  to 
esteem,  to  impute. 

Cumbent,  Cumbo,  cumbens.    Re- 
clining or  lying  down. 

De,trude,  Detrudo,   detrusum.    To 

thrust  or  push  down  with  force. 

Trudo,  to  thrust  or  push. 

bene  male  vale  inter        Diction,  Dictio.  Expression  of  ideas 

self  un      un  by  words,  style,  manner  of  ex- 

contra"      pre     juris  pression.     Dico,  to  speak,  say, 

r       J  or  bid. 


un 

un 

ac 

mis 

re  un. 

super 

ac 

dis 

in     de 

pro 

re. 

un 

ob 

ex  in  pro  re. 

149 

un 

com  deexi/nproretrore.Dis,pel,  Zh'spello,  dispulsum.     To 

scatter  by  force,  to  disperse, 
dissipate,  or  banish,  to  drive 
away.     Pello,  to  drive. 

equi  in  mis 

dif.    con    in    inter  of  De,fer,  Dif  i'ero,  differens.  To  delay 
un  un  or  put  off,  refer,  to  yield  to  an- 

pFe  re     trans.  other's  opinion,  to  postpone. 

Fero,  to  bear  or  carry. 
re  un     un  non  pre  re  un 

col       se.  E,lect,  JElectus,-e-lego.  To  pick  out 

or  select,  to  choose,  one  cho- 
sen.  Lego,  to  gather  or  choose. 

con  in  inter  pre  se.  Ex, elude,  T^xcludo,  exclusum.  To 

shut  out  or  debar,  to  hinder 
from  entering,  to  except.  Clu- 
do  or  Claudo,  to  shut. 

co  in  non  self  post  pre.     Exist,  .Existo.  To  be  or  have  real 

existence,  to  live,  remain,  or 
endure.  Sisto,  to  be  set  or  to 
continue. 

un         super  un  co 

dis  ob     in    pro  sub.        Ex,tend,   iTxtendo,  extensio.     To 

stretch  in  any  direction,  to  ex- 
pand or  spread,  to  impart. 

un  un 

con  de  dis  re.  Ex,tort,  ^tortus.  To  draw  or  wrest 

from  by  force,  to  practice  ex- 
tortion.    Torqueo,  to  writhe. 

con  dis  pre  trans  un.  Figure,  Figura.  Form  or  shape,  ap- 
pearance, a  statue  or  image — 

un  various  senses.  Fingo,  to  make. 

be  counter  out  re  un.        Fit.   Suitable,  to  adapt  to  the  use, 

to  qualify,  to   furnish   things 
suitable. 
af  con  in  post  pre  suf      Fix,  f.  To  make  stable,  to  put  in 
trans  un.  order,  to  transfix  or  pierce. 

Figo,  to  fix. 
13* 


150 


af  circum  con  de  ef  in 
re  super. 

dis  in  non  un     un 


con       bi  de  equi 
mal  mis  multi  omni 
un 

re  semi  trans  uni. 
un 

af  con  circum  dif  ef  in 
inter  per  pro  self  suf 
trans  un. 

ir  un 
de  in  pro     re     un. 

be  en  over  under  un. 

re  non  no 

as     ex     trans. 


circum  com  ex  sup. 


un 

circum  de  iritro  per 
un     dis  ir  un 


Flux,  Fluxus,  fluo.  To  flow,  the  act 
of  flowing,  to  melt,  the  moving 
or  passing  of  any  thing. 

Form,  Forma,  formatio.  External 
shape,  arrangement,  model 
pattern,  to  contrive  or  make  : 
it  has  numerous  applications. 

Fuse,  Fusum.  To  melt,  dissolve, 
or  spread,  to  liquify  by  heat, 
to  be  reduced  from  a  solid  to 
a  fluid.     Fundo,  to  pour  out. 

Generate,  Genero,  generatio.  To 
propagate  or  produce,  to  cause, 
to  bring  into  life. 

Gird,  sax.  To  bind  around  or  invest, 
to  furnish  or  equip,  to  make 
ion         fast. 

Im,port,  7/nporto,  importatum.  Any 

thing   brought    from    another 

country,  meaning  of  words — 

various  uses.     Porto,  to  carry 

un  or  bear. 

Implicate,  Tmplico.  To  infold  or  in- 
volve, to  entwine, to  criminate. 
Plico,  to  fold,  be  knit  together. 
re  super 


pro  su 

arch 

con 
tran. 


ex 


ir 
re 


In,spect,  /rcspectum.   To  look  on 
or  into,  to  view,  to  examine 
retro  closely,  to  take  the  oversight. 

Specio,  to  see  or  look. 

re  un 

u  In, spire,  Twspiro,  inspiratum.  To 
draw  in  the  breath,  to  infuse 
into  the  mind  a  poetic  spirit. 
Spiro,  to  breathe. 


151 


un     un  lr 
ad  con  equi  pro      re. 


abs   circum  ex  inter  re. 

un  un  mis 

con  mis  per  un. 


ag  con  di  e  pro  trans 
retro  re. 

mis         un       in  non  un 


circum         de 
im 


inter  manu  post  pre  pro 
sub  super  tran. 
circum  con  de  e  inter 
counter  anti 


ad  circum  inter  sub. 
co  self  re  un 


en  over  un. 

un  un 

ad  all  di  extra  fore  pre 
in  mis  re  un. 


ad    con  dis  en  inter  in 
mis  re  se  sub. 


In,voke,  Invoco,  invocatum.  To  ad- 
dress in  prayer,  to  call  upon 
for  protection,  to  order.  Voco, 
to  call ;   Vox,  the  voice. 

In,cision,  /ncisio.  A  cutting,  the 
act  of  cutting  into,  a  gash. — 
Caedo,  to  cut  or  kill. 

un 

In,form,  /nformo,-  informatio,  and 
informis.  To  give  intelligence, 
to  instruct ;  also,  without  form 
or  shape.  Forma,  shape,  figure. 

In,gress,  /rcgressus.  Entrance,  or 
power  of  entrance,  to  go  in, 
means  of  entering.  Gradior, 
to  go ;   Gradus,  a  step. 

Inscribe,  Jnscribo,  inscriptum.  To 
write  in  or  on,  to  imprint,  mark 
letters  or  figures,  to  assign  or 
address  to.     Scribo,  to  write. 

In,volve,  Jrcvolvo,  involutum.  To 
roll  in  or  envelop,  to  imply  or 
comprise,  to  blend  or  mingle. 
Volvo,  to  roll. 

Jacent,  Jacens.  Lying  at  length. 

Joy,f.  Gladness,  gayety,  mirth,  hap- 
piness, felicity,  to  rejoice. 

Judge,  f.  and  Judex,  judicatio,  judi- 
cialis.  A  judicial  officer  with 
authority  to  hear  and  decide 
causes,  rightly  to  understand 
and  discern,  to  doom. 

Join,  f.  and  Junctio.  To  connect  or 
unite,  to  couple,  to  grow  or 
adhere  to — various  senses.— 
Jungo,  to  join. 


152 


(lis 

ac  fore  inter  self. 


be  o  over  under  un. 


col  de  e  il  inter  preter 
pro  re. 

in 


bi  col  duo  equi  multi 
tri  uni. 

col  de  inter  multi  out 
sub  under  un. 


ab  al  col  dis  e  inter 

trans  un. 

al  circum  col  e  inter. 

un 
after  all  be  over  self  un. 

e  inter  trans. 

com  im  mis  over  out  un. 

com  de  e  em  inter  re  trans 

be  com  im  inter  un. 
pre  mal  un 


Knowledge.  A  clear  perception  of 
truth  or  any  fact,  learning, 
skill,  acquaintance.  Nosco, 
to  know. 

Labor,  Labor,  laboro.  To  exert  mus- 
cular strength,  labor  of  body  or 
mind,  to  work — various  uses. 

Lapse,  Lapsus.  A  sliding  or  falling, 
an  error  or  fault,  to  glide  along. 

Lateral,  Lateralis,  or  latus.  Per- 
taining to  the  side. 

Line,  Linea,  lineatio.  A  bound,  ut- 
termost extent,  length  without 
breadth  or  thickness.  Linea, 
a  line. 

Locate,  Locatus.  To  place  in  a  par- 
ticular spot.     Locus,  a  place. 

Locution,  Locutio.  A  discourse  or 
manner  of  speaking.  Loquor, 
to  speak. 

Love,  sax.  Affection — used  in  many 
senses. 

Luc(id,  Lucidus,  lucens.  Shining, 
bright,  clear.    Lux  lucis,  light. 

Measure,  f.  The  dimensions  of  any 
thing,  limit,  a  portion,  to  com- 
pute. 

Migrate,  Migro.  To  remove  or  pass 
from  one  country  to  another, 
from  place  to  place. 

Mingle,  sax.  To  blend  or  mix  to- 
gether. Misceo,  to  mix,  mingle. 


ad  anti  ex  sub  un.  Minister,  Minister,  ministratum.  An 
agent  to  manage  the  business 
of  another,  pastor  of  a  church, 
to  supply  or  give. 


153 


un 
ad  com  %m  inter  over  un. 

ir 

ad  com  counter  e  im  re 
pro  un. 

ante  extra  infra  inter 
super  supra, 
in  un 

com  im  inter  per  trans. 


Mix,  sax.  Mistum,  and  ml*..  „ 
To  unite,  join,  or  mingle  to- 
gether.    Misceo,  to  mingle. 

Motion, Move,  moveo,  motum,  motio. 

A  moving  or  changing  of  place, 

to  propose  something.  Moveo, 

to  move. 
Mundane,  Mundus,  mundanus.  Be 

longing  to  the  wortd. 


Muta4ble,  Mutabilis.  Subject  to 
change.     Muto,  to  change. 

Nature,  Natura.  The  universe,  the 
essence  of  a  thing — has  nu- 
merous applications.  Nascor, 
to  be  born. 

Nominal,  Nominalis.  Pertaining  to 
a  name.     Nomen,  a  name. 

Number,  Numerosus.  A  unit,  a  mul- 
titude, to  count  or  reckon. — 
Numerus. 

Ordain,  Ordino,  ordinatio.  To  invest 

with  an  office,  to  appoint  or 

decree.     Ordo,  order. 

,    ,  r  .  i  Oxyde,  >  Any  substance  com- 

^P  "    l  Oxide,  J  "  'bined  with  oxygen,  but 

not  sufficient  to  form  an  acid. 

Part,  Pars,  partitio.  A  portion  of  any 
thing,  to  separate — has  various 
applications.     Pars,  apart. 

Pass,  f.  To  move  or  go  in  any  man- 
ner— variously  applied.  Pass- 
us,  a  step. 

Pay,  f.  To  discharge  a  debt, reward, 
remunerate. 

ap  de  equi  im  pro  sus.  Pendcent,  Pendens.  Jutting  or  hang- 
ing over.  Pendeo,  to  hang  sus- 
pended. 


con  counter  demi  preter 
un. 


bi  cog  de  multi  pre  pro. 
equi  out  re  un. 

co  fore  in  pre  sub  re. 


a  after  bi  com  counter  de 
dis  im  un. 

un 

im  over  re  sur. 

un 

non  over  re  un. 
in 


154 


dis  em  over  re  un. 


re 


dis    im  re  trans  un. 


em  im  inter  mis  re  un. 

counter  equi  out  over. 

ante  ap  circum  counter 
im  inter  juxta  op  post 
pro  re  sup  super, 
un  re  over 


ap         dis  mis  over 
pro  super  under  un. 

im  omni  pleni  pre. 


un 
all     em  im  over. 

un 

ap  over  under  un. 

dis  un  un     self  ir 


ap       im  re 

dis  semi  un. 


un 
bi  cor   ir  octo  uni. 

ab  dis  e  inter  ir  pro. 


People,  Populus.  A  community  of 
persons,the  mass  of  population. 

Plant,  f.  and  Plantatio.  A  vegetable 

of  any  kind,  to  set  or  fix  in  the 

ground,  to  introduce.    Planta, 

to  plant. 
Plead,  f.  To  argue  or  urge  reasons, 

to  discuss. 
Poise,  w.  Weight,  gravity,  to  weigh 

or  balance. 
Position,  Positio.    State  of  being 

placed,  situation,  a  principle. 

Pono,  to  place  or  put. 

Portion,  Portio.  A  part  of  any  thing, 
to  assign.     Pars,  apart. 

Potent,  Potens.  Possessing  physi- 
cal or  moral  power,  efficacious. 
Ens,  being ;  potis,  able. 

Power,  f.  The  ability  of  doing  or 
effecting  any  thing — has  very 
numerous  applications. 

Prize.  Tbat  which  is  taken  or 
obtained,  to  value  or  set  a 
value  on. 

Prove,  sax.  and  Probatio.  To  try 
any  thing,  to  evince,  to  expe- 
rience.    Probo,  to  prove. 

Radiant,  Radians.  Darting  forth 
rays  of  light.  Radius,  a  ray 
of  light  or  spoke  in  a  wheel. 

Ruption,  Ruptio.  A  breach  or  break. 
Rumpo,  to  break. 


155 


un     in  ir  non  un 

as    con  de  in  per  sub 


in  over  super  under  un. 

mis  re  sub  super  under 

un. 

unre 


as   con  dis. 

anti  dis  un 

as         anti  con  dis 
in  un. 

un  in  re  un  pre  un  re  ir 

ab       dis  re 

in  non. 

im  mis  over  un 

per  dis. 

con  super  tran    un. 


in 


Re,sist,  Resisto.  To  stand  against, 
to  strive  against,  to  baffle. — 
Re  and  sisto,  or  sto,  to  stand 
against. 

Saturate,  Saturo.  To  supply  to  ful- 
ness.    Satis,  sufficient. 

Serve,  Servio.  To  work  for,  to  be- 
stow labor  of  body  or  mind,  to 
supply. 

Similar,  Similis.  Like  or  resem- 
bling. 

Sociate,  Socio.  To  mix  with  com- 
pany, fellowship,  the  union  of 
persons.    Socius,  a  companion. 

Solution,  Solve,  solvo,  solutum.  To 
loosen,  remove  or  dissipate, 
to  explain. 

Suasion,  Suasum.  The  act  of  per- 
suading. Suadeo,  to  persuade. 

Substance,  Substantia.  Matter  of 
any  kind,  the  essential  part  of 
any  thing.  Sto,  to  stand ;  sub, 
under. 

self  all 


de. 


reun 


as    co  en     in     un. 
be  mis  par  under  un. 


after  counter  dis  fore  in 
un. 


Suffice,  Suf ficio,  sufficiens. — 
Enough,  that  which  is  equal 
to  the  end.     Facio. 

Sure,  f.  Certain,  firm,  infallible. 

Take,  sax.  To  get  hold  of,  to  re- 
ceive— this  has  numerous  ap- 
plications. 

Taste,  f.  To  perceive  by  the  tongue, 
to  enjoy  or  relish  any  thing 
intellectually. 


156 


self  pre  in  un  in 
con  in       de  ex. 


deca  hexa  nona  octa 

penta. 

after  be  fore  un. 


dis  re 
de     en     un. 

un 
be  dis  mis  in  un. 

in  out  over  self  re  under 
un. 

by  counter  inter  re. 

circum. 

par. 

un 

de. 

demi. 

in. 

in. 
in. 


Terminate,  Termino,  terminus.  To 

bound,  to  end,  to  limit  or  put 

an  end  to. 
Tetra,gon,  gr.  A  figure  having  four 

angles. 
Think,  sax.  To  occupy  the  mind, 

to  imagine. 

Throne,  Thronus.  A  royal  seat, 
chair  of  state,  (in  Scripture,) 
sovereign  power. 

Trust,  dan.  Confidence,  credit,  that 

which  is  committed  to  one's 

care. 
Value,  f.  Worth  or  price,  any  thing 

in  high  esteem.     Valeo,  to  be 

strong  or  avail. 
View,  f.  To  survey,  to  examine,  to 

see,  to  consider. 
Ambient,   .Ambiens.    Surrounding. 

Am  and  eo,  to  go  around. 
Anticipate,  Anticioo.  To  take  or 

act  beforehand,  foretaste.    Ca- 

pio,  to  take ;  anti,  before. 
Affable,  Affabilis,  affabilitas.  Easy 

of  conversation  or  manners. 

For,  fari,  to  speak. 
Acjdivity^cclivis.  A  slope  or  rising 

ground.     Clivis,  a  slope. 
Cadence,  Cadens.  A  fall  of  voice,  a 

decline  of  sound.  Cado,  to  fall. 
Corrigible,  Corrigo.   That  may  be 

set  right  or  corrected.     Rego, 

to  rule. 
Docile,  Docilis.  Teachable,  ready 

to  learn.    Doceo,  to  teach. 
Effable,   J3/"fabilis.  That  may  be 

uttered  by  words.     For,  fari, 

to  speak. 


157 


SECTION  XXVI. 


Thirteenth  Exercise. 


self  in  self  re 

ex. 

co  re  under  sub. 


anti 

mon  hept  olig  tetr. 

un 
pre  counter. 


dec  oct  sept  sex 
cent  tri  per. 
af  ef  dif  re  super 
counter  un 


in         circum 
subter. 

mono  tetra  hexa 
poly  deca. 


Ac,cuse.  ^.ccuso.  To  charge  with  a 
crime  or  fault,  to  blame.  Causa, 
a  reason. 

Agent,  Agens.  Acting  or  an  actor, 
that  which  has  power  to  pro- 
duce an  effect.  Ago,  to  do  or 
execute. 

An,archy,  gr.  Want  of  power,  a  state 
of  society  where  there  is  no 
supreme  power. 

A,vail,  Valens.    To  profit  or  turn  to 

advantage,  to  effect  the  object. 

Valeo,  to  he  strong. 
Bi.ennial,  5?ennis.  Taking  place  once 

in  two  years.     Annus,  a  year. 
Confluence,    Co/ifluens.    A    flowing 

together,  an  assemblage.   Fluo, 

to  flow. 

Chord,  gr.  and  Chorda.  The  string  of 
a  musical  instrument,  a  right 
line,  a  string. 


in  un 


ex  de  re. 


Com,plete,  Cowipletus.  Having  no  de- 
ficiency, perfect,  to  finish  or  end.      *m 
Pleo,  to  fill.  m" 


super  mis.     re  in 

ad  con 

contra  intro  super 


Circum,vent. 
,vene 


To    come  around,  to 
gain   by  stratagem, 


158 


inter  pre  e. 

in 

multi  re  ab  as 
dis  equi  uni. 

mono  pro  epi  dec  a. 
im  un  non     self  all  in 


to  delude. 
come. 


Venio,  ventum,  to 


pro 


suf. 


ante  post  mis  un. 


im 

per  multi  ob  per  bi. 

imper  in 
trans    preter. 


poly     auto 

astro     auto       bio 
biblio    chiro    cosmo 
chrono    choro    dia 
un 

epi  geo  hydro 
litho  mono  ortho 
panto   poly    para 

stereo 


Consonance.  Agreement  in  sound, 
accord,  congruity,  consistency. 
Sono,  to  sound,  from  Sonus,  a 
sound. 

Dialogue,  gr.  and  Dmlogus.  A  con- 
versation between  two  or  more. 
Gr.  Logos,  a  word  or  speech. 

De,ficient.  Deficiens.  Wanting,  de- 
fective in  any  sense.  Facio,  to 
make. 

Date,  Datum.  The  year,  month,  or 
day  in  which  any  thing  was 
done,  to  date.  Do,  to  give,  da- 
tum, given. 

De,viate,  Devius.  To  turn  aside  from 
the  right  or  common  way,  to 
err.     De,  from,  via,  the  way. 

Ex,it,  Exit.  Any  departure,  as  from 
a  stage  or  life,  a  going  out.  Eo, 
to  go. 


Graphic,  gr.  and  Graphicus.  Per- 
taining to  the  art  of  writing, 
delineating,  describing.  From 
the  Greek  word  grapho,  to 
write  or  paint. 


stereo  steno    typo 
topo    zoo. 


159 


dei,  a  God. 
fratri,  a  Brother, 
homi,  a  Man. 
infanti,  an  Infant, 
matri,  a  Mother, 
parri,  a  Parent, 
regi,  a  King, 
sui,  One's  self, 
sorori,  a  Sister, 
tyranni,  a  Tyrant. 

counter  contra 
circum  inter. 

astro    anti   biblio 
chrono    cosmo    chiro 
eu  geo  hydro  homo 
il  litho  ortho  philo 
pyro  theo  zoo. 
anti 

dia  para. 


bi  centi  chrono 
semi    un 

dia     geo  hydro 
hyper  helio  hexa 
ortho  pyro  peri  panto 
a 

poly  stereo    sym  tri. 


Homi,cide,  Homicidinm.  A  man- 
slayer,  the  killing  of  one  man 
by  another.  Caedo,  caesum, 
to  slay  or  kill.  Homo,  Ho- 
minis,  a  man,  (so  of  all  the 
others,)  the  slaying  of,  or 
killing. 


Im,mure.  To  enclose  with  walls,  to 
shut  up  or  imprison,  im,  for  in, 
within,  and  murus,  a  wall. 

Logic,  gr.  The  art  of  reasoning 
justly.  The  Greek  word 
logos,  means  a  word,  speech, 
or  discourse. 


Analysis,  gr.  The  separating  of  a 
compound  into  its  constituent 
parts.      Gr.  Lusis,  a  dissolving. 


Meter,  )  sax.    Measure,  verse,  ar- 
Metre,  S      rangement   of  poetical 
feet  of  long  and  short  sylla- 
bles   in    verse.       Metrum,    a 
measure. 


a  mono  poly  bi. 


sub  octora  bin* 
mon  mult. 

dis  ex  sub  semi. 


Miso,gamist,  gr.  A  hater  of  marriage. 

Gr.  Misos  or  miseo,  to  hate,  ga- 

mos(  marriage. 
Ocular,  Ocularius.  Depending  on  the 

eye,   received    by  actual   sight 

Oculus,  the  eye. 
Orb,   Orbis.    A    spherical    or   round 

body,  a  circle  or  period,  the  eye. 


n  Euphonic. 


160 


un 

dis  extra  sub. 

penta  poly  tetra  tri 
mono  octa  di  bi  a. 
a  anti  cata  dys  eu 
homo  poly  sym. 


centu  circum  com 
muld  sup  tri 
con  re  sub     un 


in 
ex. 


du  im 

dis  non  un. 

extra  multi  nocti. 


dis  mono  multi 
octo  poly  tetra. 


a  anti  eu  mono  un. 


con  fore  in  pre. 


inter  sub  subier. 

dia  homo  in  mono 

semi  tri. 

anti  hypo  para 

syn. 

a  mono  pan  poly 

tri. 

con  ec  (for  ex)  helio 

geo  para  self  sub. 


Order,  Ordo.  Regular  disposition,  pro- 
per state,  to  direct  or  command. 
Petal,  gr.  (in  botany),  a  flower-leaf. 

Phonics,  gr.  The  science  of  sound, 
the  art  of  combining  musical 
Bounds.  Gr.  Phone,  a  sound  or 
voice. 

Plicate,  Plicatus,  Folded  like  a  fan, 
•  plaited,  knit  or  entwined  toge- 
ther.    Plico,  to  be  knit  together. 

Regard,  f.  To  look  towards,  to  ob- 
serve, to  attend  to,  to  respect. 

Soli,vagant,  Soliv&gus.  Wandering 
alone.  Vagus,  wandering,  solus, 
alone. 

Syllable,  gr.  A  letter  or  combination 
of  letters  uttered  at  a  single  im- 
pulse of  the  voice.  Gr.  Sun  and 
i         Lambano,  taken  together. 

Sym,pathy,  gr.  Fellow  feeling,  the 
quality  of  being  affected  by  the 
suffering  of  others.  Gr.  Pathos, 
suffering  or  feeling,  sun,  with. 

Signify,  Significo,  significatio.  To 
express  meaning,  to  make  known. 
Signum,  a  sign,  facio,  to  make. 

Stratum,  Stratum.  A  bed  or  layer  of 
earth,  coal,  stone,  &c. 

Tone,  gr.  Tonus.  A  sound  or  modi- 
fication of  sound,  accent. 

Thesis,  gr.  A  position  or  proposition 
which  a  person  advances  and 
offers  to  maintain  by  argument. 

Theist,  gr.  One  who  believes  in  the  ex- 
istence of  a  God.   Gr.  Theos,  God. 

Center,  gr.  and  Centrum.  The  middle 
of  any  thing. 


161 


SECTION  XXVII. 

A  few  words  analyzed  more  particularly,  which  may 
excite  the  scholar  to  a  further  examination  into  the  structure 
of  words  in  general. 

Anniversary,  is  from  annus,  a  year,  and  versus,  a  turning  or 
returning.  Hence  the  import,  returning  with  the  year, 
or  a  yearly  celebration. 

Animadvert,  is  from  vcrtus,  turning,  animus,  the  mind,  ad  to 
Whence  comes  the  meaning  to  consider,  &c. 

Apostate,  gr.,  is  Apo,  from  or  off,  and  stas,  standing.  Hence 
one  who  has  departed  from. 

Atmosphere,  gr.  Atmos,  vapor,  and  sphaira,  round  or  sphere. 

Alphabet.    The  first  two  Greek  letters,  alpha  beta. 

Agriculture.  Ager  agri,  a  field,  and  cnltura,  tillage. 

Apode,  gr.  A,  privative,  meaning  without,  and  pous,  a  foot. 
Whence  apode  is  without  feet,  like  a  fish.  PoZypode, 
antipodes. 

Apology,  gr.  Apo,  from  or  off,  and  logos,  a  word.  Hence 
excusing. 

Blaspheme,  gr.  Blax,  nefarious  or  impious,  and  phemi,  to 
speak. 

Conjugal.  Con,  with  or  together,  and  jugum,  a  yoke,  mean- 
ing yoked  together,  or  married. 

Constant,  distant,  circumstance.  Con,  means  together  or 
with,  di,  separated  or  apart,  and  circum,  around.  Stans, 
is  standing ;  whence  constant,  is  standing  together,  or 
fixed,  firm,  steady,  &c.  Distant,  standing  apart ; 
whence  it  implies  remote,  reserved,  &c.  So  good  cir- 
cumstances is  being  surrounded  by  every  thing  needftd. 

Consequences,  subsequent.  Con,  with,  sub,  under  or  after. 
Sequens,  following.  Then  consequences  are  what  fol- 
low in  connection  with,  but  subsequent  is  what  follows 
after. 

Cataract,  gr.  Kata,  against,  and  rasso,  to  dash. 

Confident,  diffident,  infidel,  and  perfidy,  all  from  fides  or 
fidens,  meaning  faith,  trust,  &c,  modified  by  the  pre- 
fixes, con,  dif,  in,  and  per. 

Concomitant,  is  from  comes,  a  companion,  and  comes  is 
from  con  and  eo,  to  go  with,  con,  repeated,  implies  a 


162 

repetition  of  meaning,  as  going  and  coming  together, 
or  a  continued  union. 

Disease.  From  dis  and  ease,  a  deprivation  of  ease. 

Dismal.  Malus,  evil,  dies,  day,  hence  dire,  horrid,  gloomy. 

Despise.   Specio,  to  look,  de,  down,  as  with  contempt. 

Decapolis.  Deca,  ten,  polis,  a  city. 

Desultory,  insult,  exult,  result.  De,  down  or  from,  in,  in  or 
on,  ex,  out,  re,  again  or  back,  and  salio,  to  leap.  Then 
desultory,  is  leaping  or  passing  abruptly  from  one  sub- 
ject to  another,  ircsult,  leaping  on,  or  gross  abuse. 
Exult,  leaping  out,  or  excessive  joy  ;  and  result,  leap- 
ing back,  or  a  consequence  following. 

Devious,  previous,  pervious.  De,  from,  via,  the  way;  whence, 
out  of  the  way,  wandering.  So  pre,  before,  and  per,  by 
or  through,  give  the  different  imports. 

Divide.  From  the  obsolete  word  viduo,  to  separate,  di,  apart. 
Then  individual,  is  one  undivided  person  or  thing. 

Disaster.  Dis,  separation,  astron,  from  his  star.  The  an- 
cients supposed  the  star  under  which  a  person  was  born 
governed  his  destiny ;  hence,  disaster  comes  to  mean 
ill-luck,  misfortune. 

Democrat,  gr.  Demos,  the  people,  and  Kratos,  power ; 
whence  a  popular  government. 

Discrepency.  Crepo,  to  crackle  or  jingle,  dis,  asunder;  hence 
the  import,  disagreement  of  parts,  like  jingling  asunder. 

Expedite.  Ex,  and  pes  pedis,  a  foot.      To  facilitate,  &c. 

Epilepsy,  gr.  Epi,  upon,  and  lambano,  to  leap,  as  a  fit. 

Equivocate.  Equus,  alike  or  equal,  and  vocatus,  called ; 
whence  the  meaning  becomes  doubtful,  uncertain. 

Evidence.   Video,  to  see  or  discover,  e,  out,  or  elucidate. 

Epidemic,  gr.  Epi,  upon,  Demos,  the  people. 

Fluent,  affluent,  superfluous,  and  influence,  are  all  from 
fluo,  to  flow,  modified  by  their  prefixes. 

Geography,  gr.    Ge,  the  earth,  and  grapho  to  write. 

Geometry,  gr.   Ge  and  metreo,  to  measure. 

Infant.  For,  to  speak,  makes  fans,  speaking;  in  means  not, 
then  an  infant,  is  one  not  able  to  speak  or  use  language. 

Metropolis,  gr.  Meter,  a  mother,  and  polis,  a  city. 

Monotony,  gr.  Monos,  one  or  alone,  and  tonos,  a  tone  or 
sound. 

Manage.  Manus,  the  hand,  and  age,  from  ago,  to  do. 


163 

Monopolize,  gr.   Monos,  alone,  and  poleo,  to  buy. 

Monarch,  gr.  Monos,  and  archos,  a  chief. 

Mancipate,  to  enslave.  Manus,  the  hand,  and  capio,  to  take. 

Orb,  from  orbis,  a  spherical  body;  orbit,  the  curve  line  in 
which  it  moves.  Then  exorbitant,  is  departing  from 
the  usual  track  or  course. 

Order,  from  ordo,  makes  extraordinary. 

Prophet,  gr.  Pro,  before,  and  phemi,  to  speak. 

Period,  gr.  Peri,  around,  and  odos,  a  way  or  road.  Then 
a  periodical,  is  what  goes  the  rounds  at  stated  times. 

Providence.  Pro  and  videns,  seeing  before. 

Peregrinate.  Ager,  agri,  a  field,  and  hence  peregrinate,  to 
travel  through  the  country. 

Pennsylvania.  Penn,  the  name  of  the  founder,  and  sylva,  a 
wood. 

Pedagogue,  gr.  Pais,  a  child,  and  agogos,  a  leader. 

Preposterous,  Posterus,  from  post,  after,  and  pre,  before  ; 
hence,  it  means  putting  that  first  which  should  be  last, 
or  absurd. 

Repugnant,  Pugnans,  fighting,  re,  back  ;  or  opposite,  con- 
trary. 

Roborant,  strengthening,  from  robur,  oak  of  the  hardest 
kind,  and  cor  for  con,  makes  corroborate,  to  confirm. 

Sympathy,  gr.  Syn  for  sun,  means  with,  and  pathos,  suffer- 
ing, then  it  means  suffering  with,  or  fellow  feeling. 
Apathy,  without  feeling.  Antipa,\hy,  opposition  of 
feelings. 

Synod,  gr.   Syn  for  sun,  and  odos,  a  way  or  road. 

Synopsis,  gr.    Syn  and  opsis,  the  sight ;  whence  one  view. 

Supercilious.  Super,  above,  ciliurn,  the  eye-brow,  or 
haughty. 

Sincere.  Sine,  without,  cera  wax  ;  whence,  unmixed,  pure. 

Universe.  Versus,  a  turning,  unus,  into  one ;  a  collective 
whole. 

Vague.  Vagus,  wandering,  extra,  beyond,  making  extra- 
vagant. 

SECTION  XXVIII. 

Importance  of  knowing  Latin  words,  or  of  understand 
ing  that  language. 


164 

From  the  vast  number  of  Latin  words  which  have  either 
in  whole  or  in  parts  become  incorporated  with  the  English 
language,  much  benefit  is  derived  from  a  knowledge  of  their 
primitive  import.  In  most  cases  they  give  that  turn  to  the 
English  signification,  which  accords  with  their  original 
meaning.  Hence  the  primary  signification  of  such  Latin 
roots  as  are  extensively  involved  in  the  composition  of  our 
language,  must  necessarily  furnish  an  important  auxiliary 
in  determining  the  true  import  of  all  such  English  words. 

For  instance,  the  verb  facto,  with  its  supine  factum, 
whose  simple  primitive  meaning  is  to  do,  to  make,  or  to 
cause,  enters  in  some  form  into  the  composition  of  more 
than  500  of  our  English  words  ;  and  in  every  case  imparts 
more  or  less  of  its  original  signification.  A  knowledge, 
therefore,  of  the  meaning  of  that  verb  and  its  supine,  with 
the  ability  to  distinguish  its  combination  in  any  word,  must 
of  necessity  aid  the  scholar  in  a  more  perfect  compre- 
hension of  the  true  import  of  all  English  words,  of  which 
this  is  a  component  part. 

This  is  a  consideration  fully  equivalent  for  learning  the. 
primitive  meaning  of  facio,  factum.  The  same  is  true  to  a 
very  great  extent  in  avast  multitude  of  Latin  primitives. 
Much  would  be  gained  by  committing  Latin  primitives  as 
they  occur. 

Words  of  Greek  origin,  while  they  furnish  a  fruitful 
source  of  derivation,  are  by  no  means  as  numerous  or  im- 
portant as  those  of  Latin. 

We  will  subjoin  a  few  of  the  most  prominent  words  in 
Greek  and  Latin,  with  something  near  the  number  of  their 
several  combinations  in  the  formation  of  English  words,  viz. 

Facio,  Factum,  500  ;  Pono,  Positum,  250  ;  Plico,  200  ; 
Fero,  Latum,  198;  Specio,  177;  Mitto,  Missum,  174; 
Teneo,  Tentum,  168  ;  Capio,  Captum,  197  ;  Tendo,  Ten- 
sum,  Tentum,  162  ;  Duco,  Ductum,  156  ;  Logos,  gr.  156  ; 
Grapho,  gr.  152.  These  twelve  words  enter  in  some 
shape  into  the  composition  of  nearly  2500  English  words. 

From  154  Greek  and  Latin  primitives  which  have  been 
examined,  in  reference  to  this  point,  it  is  found  that  not  far 
from  13,000  English  words  receive  more  or  less  of  their 
component  parts,  characterizing  the  English  signification 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent. 

FINIS. 


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